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What is cryptology? Cryptography? Plaintext? Ciphertext? Encryption? Key?

Cryptography FAQs - WikiFAQ - Answers to Frequently Asked Qu...
The story begins: When Julius Caesar sent messages to his trusted acquaintances, he didn't trust the messengers. So he replaced every A by a D, every B by a E, and so on through the alphabet. Only someone who knew the ''shift by 3 rule could decipher his messages. A cryptosystem or cipher system is a method of disguising messages so that only certain people can see through the disguise. Cryptography is the art of creating and using cryptosystems.
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What is encryption and cryptography?

JARING E-MALL
Encryption is the transformation of data into a form (a cipher) that is, for most intents and purposes, impossible to read with out the appropriate decoder (a cryptographic key). Its purpose is to ensure privacy by keeping information hidden from anyone for whom it is not intended, even those who have access to the encrypted data. Decryption is the reverse of encryption; it is the transformation of encrypted data back into an intelligible form.
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China Construction Bank (Macau)
Encryption/Cryptography creates a secure environment for the information being transferred between your browser and China Construction Bank (Macau). Put simply, secure data such as your customer ID and Password are scrambled in our encryption/cryptography process to avoid disclosing your information by unauthorized persons.
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c) What is secret key cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Secret-key cryptography is sometimes referred to as symmetric cryptography. It is the more traditional form of cryptography, in which a single key can be used to encrypt and decrypt a message. Secret-key cryptography not only deals with encryption, but it also deals with authentication.
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d) What is Public Key Cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Public Key Cryptography is a method for securely exchanging messages, based on assigning two complimentary keys (one public, one private) to the individuals involved in a transaction. Public Key Cryptography is based on the science of encryption, the mathematical scrambling and unscrambling of messages.
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Able Encryption Software. Safe Soft Corporation. Frequently ...
Public Key cryptography is an encryption method that uses two different but related keys: a public key which is used for encryption and the secret key (password) used to decrypt the data. It is best suited for the storage and/or exchange of private or confidential data between two or more parties.
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Assure Systems Products & Services
Public key cryptography is a remarkable solution to this last problem concerning key distribution. There are branches of mathematics, discovered by the scientists named above, that provide for two mathematically related keys where when one key is used to encrypt a message, then only the other one can decrypt the message. And, if only one key is known, it is infeasible for anyone to mathematically derive the other key.
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What is public/asymmetric key cryptography?

Digital Certificate Registration Center
Public key (asymmetric) cryptography is a system based on pairs of keys called public key and private key. The public key is published while the private key is kept secret with the owner. The need for a sender and a receiver to share a secret key and trust some communications channel is eliminated. This concept was introduced in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
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What is my encryption key?

FAQs eCopySafe - online computer data backup
Before any information is uploaded into your CopySafe, it is automatically compressed and encrypted. You will have a password, also called an encryption key, for accessing your data. It is the only way to decrypt your files after retrieval. It is very important to notate this password/key and keep it in a safe place for future reference.
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Why is there a version without cryptography (encryption)?

Speak Freely Frequently Asked Questions
The U.S. and other countries have export controls on encryption software, so I can only export non-cryptographic versions from my web site. These versions will be identified with "(no crypto)" after the version number under Help|About. I will post links to sites outside the U.S. that have the fully cryptographic versions available.
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What is Public Key Cryptography and how does it work?

Education Department - Commerce World
Public Key Cryptography or Asymmetric Cryptography forms the basis of digital signatures and Public Key Infrastructure. This technique makes use of a pair of mathematically related, but different keys - a private key and a public key. The private key is kept secret and is only accessible to its owner; the public key is intended for wide distribution. If one key is used to encrypt a message, then only the other key in the pair can be used to decrypt it.
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p) What are Public Key Cryptography Standards?

Digital Signature India
Public Key Cryptography Standards are a set of standard protocols for the development of a public key infrastructure (PKI). These standards include RSA encryption, password-based encryption, extended certificate syntax, and cryptographic message syntax for the S/MIME secure e-mail standard. Developed in 1991 by RSA Laboratories with representatives from various computer vendors, PKCS is today widely deployed in public key cryptography systems.
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Public key vs. secret key: which cryptography system is better?

Digital Certificate Registration Center
A combination of both. The action of encrypting information with public-key cryptography is significantly slower than encrypting with a secret key. However the drawback of the secret-key system is that, secret keys must be transmitted either manually or through a communication channel, and there may be a chance that others can discover the secret keys during transmission. This is not a problem with public-key cryptography, as private keys never need to be transmitted or revealed to anyone.
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When I use HMAC-RIPEMD-160, is the size of the header encryption key only 160 bits?

TrueCrypt - Free Open-Source On-The-Fly Disk Encryption Soft...
No, TrueCrypt never uses an output of a hash function (nor of a HMAC algorithm) directly as an encryption key. See the section Header Key Derivation, Salt, and Iteration Count in the documentation for more information.
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How important is my encryption key?

Online Backup, Hosted Intranet, Website Hosting, SSL Certifi...
Very Important. Without it, your backup data will remain encrypted and unreadable. All data that is selected for backup is encrypted before leaving your computer. We have no way at all of reading this information should you lose your encryption key.
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How do I Change My Encryption Key and Password?

Your-Data Internet Backup - Frequently Asked Questions
If you need to change your password or encryption key, select either the Change Password or Change Encryption Key buttons from the application that is also supplied by Your-Data. Changing your encryption key involves intensive processing on our servers and may take several minutes. It should therefore not be done unless your encryption key was compromised.
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How do I change my encryption key?

Online Data Backup | Data Storage UK :: Clunk Click
To change your encryption key, select Options... from the Tools menu, select the Account and Security tab, and then click on Change encryption key in the Account Setup section. Enter your old key and choose a new key. Confirm the new key and click on OK. The server dialog box will appear and display the message "Key changed successfully". Note that you cannot cancel this process.
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How do I correct encryption key errors?

NovaBACKUP - NovaBACK and NovaDISK Frequently Asked Question...
The message that you are receiving only appears if the encryption key that you're using differs from the one originally used in the previous backup set. What this means is that you cannot append to a backup set on a tape with different encryption keys. The option is this scenario is to overwrite the tape with each backup. Otherwise, you have to use the same encryption key. To alleviate this, change the login on the backup server to one with administrative privileges on the target machine.
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Can the encryption key be changed if it is compromised?

American Technology Group : LiveVault® FAQ
Yes. A customer can change the password that that is used to access encrypted data. By doing this, all data will now be available with the new password (and NOT available with the old password). Additionally, the customer will not need to re-send their data. It is important, of course, to take proper precautions to ensure that terminated employees have their accounts terminated immediately and that passwords are changed after any security breach.
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How is the encryption key maintained?

American Technology Group : LiveVault® FAQ
When a customer adds a server to the service, they are asked to create an encryption password. At this time, a unique 256-bit encryption key is generated by the agent software (random generation). This key is then encrypted using the encryption password. This newly encrypted key is then sent to LiveVault in escrow.
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What happens if I loose my 'encryption key'?

DigiVault: Frequently Asked Questions
DigiVault, security is of utmost importance. Therefore, if you misplace your 'encryption key' we will be unable to restore any of your data stored on our servers.
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What if I lose my Personalized Encryption Key?

Remote Data Backups - automatic backup, offsite storage, fil...
We cannot help you if you lose your Personalized Encryption Key. Your encryption and decryption key is designed for your security. If you do not have access to the original software and do not have the printed page that you were prompted to print during the installation, then you willl not be able to access your backup! With 128-bit AES Encryption there is no "reset" key.
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What is Symmetric (or Single Key) Encryption?

PKI - CCRA Electronic Commerce Security FAQ
Symmetric encryption uses a single piece of information (called a key) to perform the encryption-decryption processes. The sender would take the key (which is known by both parties) and encrypt the data by some process (this process is called the algorithm). The receiver, knowing the key and the algorithm, would take the message, reverse the process using the same key, and would get the original message.
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What is Asymmetric (or Key Pair) Encryption?

PKI - CCRA Electronic Commerce Security FAQ
Asymmetric encryption works differently in that a user would have a key pair, one public and one private. These keys are carefully chosen so that a message encrypted with a public key could only be decrypted with the private key. So for example, the sender would locate the receiver's public key (they could even have it emailed to them, since it is public information), and use that to encrypt the message. The receiver would then decrypt the message with their private key.
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