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What causes bladder cancer?

Bladder Cancer, SVCMC; New York NY
The cause of bladder cancer is not known. However, it is 3 times more likely to develop in smokers than in nonsmokers, and experts believe that smoking causes 50% to 60% of bladder cancer in men and 25% of bladder cancer in women.1, 4 The most common symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine, pain during urination, urinating small amounts frequently, or frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), though these symptoms may also be caused by other urinary conditions.
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What is bladder cancer?

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Bladder cancer begins in the bladder, the organ that stores urine. The wall of the bladder has several layers, and cancer may appear on the surface layer, penetrate into the muscle layers, or even invade the surrounding organs. Over 90% of bladder cancers are Transitional Cell Carcinomas (TCC), so called because these cells have the capability to undergo changes in size from cubical (when the bladder is empty) to flat (when the bladder is full).
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bladder cancer test for canines (dogs) - FAQ Commonly Asked ...
The cells lining the bladder and urinary tracts can begin to grow in an uncontrolled manner resulting in the disease know as bladder cancer. Transitional cells line the bladder proper and are so named because they transition from square when the bladder is empty to flat when the bladder is full. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy of the urinary tract in dogs. The incidence increases with the dog's age.
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Bladder Cancer, SVCMC; New York NY
Bladder cancer is the rapid growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the bladder. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the United States.1 One or more bladder cancers may develop at the same time in different parts of the bladder. Bladder cancer is usually curable if it is diagnosed while the cancer is still contained in the bladder. More than 80% of bladder cancers are diagnosed at this early stage.2, 3 The bladder is the part of your urinary tract that stores urine.
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How many people suffer from bladder cancer?

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Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the urinary system and the fifth most common cancer in the USA. It is estimated that 67,160 new cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed in 2007, and that 13,750 individuals will die from it. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 330,000 new cases annually worldwide. Bladder cancer prevalence is steadily increasing and its projected rise is 28% by 2010 for both men and women.
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What are the most common symptoms for bladder cancer?

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Many early stage bladder cancer patients do not show any symptoms. The most common clinical presentation is blood in the urine or hematuria. Usually this is painless and the blood may be visible to the naked eye (gross hematuria) or can be seen only under the microscope (microscopic hematuria).
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How is bladder cancer diagnosed?

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If there is reason to suspect that a patient might have bladder cancer, a doctor will use one or more of the following methods to make a diagnosis: Urinalysis/Cytology: Urinalysis can detect blood that raises suspicion of bladder cancer. Cytologic examination of urine cells can be of more help as a diagnostic tool. However, many bladder tumors are not detected by this exam. ImmunoCyt™/uCyt+™: This novel test uses a urine sample that contains cells from the bladder walls.
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How is the seriousness of bladder cancer determined?

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Stage refers to how far a cancer has progressed anatomically, while the grade refers to the aggressiveness of the cancer and is defined by cell appearance (differentiation) and the make-up of their nucleus. Stage is determined by the depth to which the tumor has penetrated the bladder wall, and assessment of the invasion of lymph nodes and other surrounding organs or tissues.
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What will happen after treatment for bladder cancer?

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Follow-up care: An important part of any treatment plan is a schedule of follow-up exams. Exams that could include urinary cytology, ImmunoCyt™/uCyt+™, and cystoscopy among others are necessary to see if cancer has come back, or if there is a new cancer.
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How often does bladder cancer recur?

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The common papillary form of bladder cancer (Ta and T1) recurs in approximately 60% of patients. Multiple recurrences may occur over the years in the same patients. Detection of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma with ImmunoCyt: a preliminary report. M. Lodde, C. Mian, H. Wiener, A. Haitel, A. Pycha, M. Marberger. Urology, 2001
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HOW COMMON IS BLADDER CANCER?

bladder cancer test for canines (dogs) - FAQ Commonly Asked ...
Although the incidence of bladder cancer is low, there has been a significant increase in the disease over the last ten years.
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What causes cancer?

Tennessee Department of Health: Tennessee Cancer Registry
Cancer is caused by external factors such as exposure to chemicals and viruses. It is also caused by internal factors such as hormones and inherited cancer genes. These factors may work together or in sequence to start or promote a cancer. Ten years to a lifetime may pass between exposure to these factors and detectable cancer.
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FAQ's ABOUT CANCER - DCHRC
A number of agents have been implicated in causing cancer. A large proportion of cancers are caused by living habits and environmental carcinogens: Tobacco: causes cancer of the mouth, throat (pharynx), voicebox (larynx), food pipe (esophagus), lung, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, and uterine cervix. At least 90% of lung cancer deaths are due to smoking.
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It is rarely possible to find the cause of a cancer in an individual, but studies on groups of people with cancer have shown specific risk factors to be associated with specific cancers. This suggests that different types of cancer probably have different causes. These studies also indicate that cancer formation is a multi-step process, and that for most cancers the time from a cancer-causing exposure to a clinically diagnosable cancer averages about 20 years.
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Q2. What is the latest thinking on coffee and bladder cancer?

Positively Coffee: > topics > Coffee and Cancer > F...
A.Since the publication of the IARC Report in 1991, several studies have been undertaken on coffee and bladder cancer. The large amount of data resulting from a number of those studies on coffee and bladder cancer risk, clearly excludes, after making allowances for other possible causes, a strong association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing bladder cancer.
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What are the risk factors for getting bladder cancer?

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Although the exact steps that lead to bladder cancer are not clear, there are some known risk factors. Here are the most important risk factors for bladder cancer: Chemicals: Working in the dye, rubber, leather, textile, paint or print industries, or working with organic chemicals or chemicals called aromatic amines, increases a person’s chances of developing cancer if appropriate safety measures are not followed.
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What are the current treatment options for bladder cancer?

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The choice of treatment depends on the type of tumor and the stage of disease when it is found; however, age, health, and personal preferences are also factors. The four main types of treatments for bladder cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation. TUR: Transurethral resection is the primary treatment for most tumors.
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What causes bladder exstrophy?

Association for Bladder Exstrophy Community - Frequently Ask...
Medical science has no explanation for why an embryo may develop bladder exstrophy. It is not because of anything the mother or father did or did not do during the pregnancy. On the other hand, it is not simply an inherited condition.
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What causes bladder irritation?

RadOnc: Patient Information
Cells that line the bladder are also cells that are rapidly growing and are very susceptible to radiation. The irritation is temporary. Avoid substances which may irritate the bladder. These include coffee, tea, alcoholic beverages, spicy foods and tobacco products. Diarrhea varies from person to person and depends on the dose of radiation and how large an area is being treated. Diarrhea does not usually occur until after you have had several treatments.
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What causes colon or rectal cancer?

USC Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disorders
Colorectal cancer is caused by genetic changes that occur in the cells lining the large intestine. These changes occur slowly over time, and usually form a polyp before a frank cancer develops. While we cannot yet change genes to prevent colon cancer, screening for colorectal cancer can detect earlier cancers or allow your doctor to remove polyps, so that they cannot become cancers.
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What causes breast cancer?

Breast Cancer FAQ
No one yet knows what causes breast cancer, but medical research has generated a lot of knowledge about the disease. Researchers at the Comprehensive Cancer Center have made some important discoveries in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, ranging from understanding more about the genetic aspects of cancer to developing a vaccine that may treat and prevent breast cancer. Read more about breakthroughs at The James.
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There are many causes of cancer, and for some cancers there may be no known cause. Activities such as tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing cancers. Tobacco use is linked with increased risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, lungs, bladder, kidneys as well as other sites. Not everyone who smokes will develop a cancer, and not everyone who does not smoke or drink alcohol will be spared from developing a cancer.
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What causes colorectal cancer?

Cancer - Frequently Asked Questions about Colorectal Cancer
The exact cause of most colorectal cancers is not yet known. About 75% of colorectal cancers occur in people with no known risk factors. There are some known factors that may increase a person's risk of developing colorectal cancer, which include: Genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). (Just 5% of colorectal cancers are linked to these genetic syndromes.)
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What causes childhood cancer?

FAQs
Little is really known about what causes each of the various types of childhood cancer. Research so far as not been able to tell us why certain children develop cancer and others don't. What is known is that chromosome disorders account for most leukemias. High levels of exposure to radiation, such as the use of X-rays during pregnancy have been linked with one or more childhood cancers. And children with Down Syndrome are known to be at higher risk of developing leukemia.
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