A Cosmic Wimpout is an unusually fun roll that ends with a player wimping out and losing a lot of points. It usually happens after the player is forced to keep rolling by the Futtless Rule, Re-Roll Rule, or the You May Not Want To But You Must Rule. You will know when it happens by all the laughter and twisted expression on the face of the victim-player.

If the first time you heard "Cosmic Wimpout," you said, "Cosmic What?" then you need to know that Cosmic Wimpout is a Dice Game that's Pure Fun. You play by rolling the five Cosmic Wimpout cubes and get points for each 5, 10, or Flash (triplet) that you roll. You can accumulate points towards the Winning Total by ending your turn or risking it all, because if you roll and don't score, you lose all the points for that turn and the next player goes.

Any time you roll and don't get a "5," a "10," a Flash, or a Freight Train, you Wimpout. You lose all the points for that turn and it's the next player's turn. There are some exceptions. See Re-Roll Rule. Good news: When you Wimpout, you only lose the points rolled on that turn, not your accumulated point total for the game.

We refer to it as "cosmic" because the only known source of this radiation is the early universe. It can now be firmly concluded that the CMB is the cooled remnant of the hot Big Bang itself. Light comes in a range of wavelengths, from the shortest wavelength gamma-rays to the longest wavelength radio waves, with common-or-garden visible light in the middle.

Currently, no missions have flown with a cancer-bearing patient. However, scientists have conducted preliminary studies on the effects of exposure to radiation in space. Since high levels of radiation are known to cause higher-than-normal mutation rates (which can lead to cancer) within a living cell, the levels of cosmic radiation experienced outside of Earth's protective atmosphere will be a large concern in the coming era of longer manned spaceflights.

Cosmic Cabaret are science cabaret-style variety shows produced and hosted by Lynda Williams as the Physics Chanteuse. The shows feature skits, songs, music, short movies, comedy acts and media on science and technology themes and are intended for a general audience. Cosmic Cabarets are held at different venues but currently are held at the SFSU Planetarium. Past venues include The El Rey Theater in LA and the Climate Theater in SF.

To understand this you have to remember that you are made of the same things that the cosmic rays are -- atoms, or more accurately pieces of atoms called nuclei. A single atom can be roughly imagined as like the solar system. An atom has a small center called a nucleus with parts called electrons going around the nucleus a bit like planets going around the Sun.

Cosmic Energy is the one that keeps the whole existence in order. Comic Energy exists everywhere in and in between all the galaxies, planets, humans, cells, and atoms.

Cosmic radiation is composed of streams of particles coming partly from the sun and partly from outer space. This radiation interacts with the upper atmosphere to produce the cosmic radiation we experience at the earth's surface People who live at high altitude have a higher dose from cosmic radiation than those who live at sea level because shielding by the atmosphere is less. Aircrews and frequent flyers spend time at very high altitudes where the dose is even higher.

Cosmic Therapy will provide refunds or exact replacement products for all valid returns. To return a product, you must request authorization from Cosmic Therapy within 72 hours of product delivery by e-mailing us at info@cosmictherapy.com.

Cosmic rays that arrive here on Earth are important to understand because they may teach us quite a bit about their sources in outer space. Depending on what we learn, these discoveries may lead to technological applications someday. However, cosmic rays here and now on Earth are used for a few useful or interesting purposes. For example, the carbon-14 whose concentration is measured to carbon-14 date ancient artifacts? The carbon-14 wouldn't be there if it weren't for cosmic rays.

Stardust" is a word that people have been using in stories, poems, and songs for a lot longer than the modern study of stars. We have to remember that the wonder and excitement of the stories is what came first, getting people interested in knowing what the stars were actually made of. The "stardust" we collect is a dusting of microscopic particles that come streaming off the surface of a star. Scientists usually refer to these as cosmic rays.

The cosmic ray particles we are looking for are microscopic. The actual size of one of them would be about 1 billion times smaller than the width of one of your hairs. Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

The cosmic ray particles are individually very light. That's part of why you don't notice when one goes through you! How light are they? Each one is about 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times lighter than a paperclip! But it is lots and lots of tiny particles like these that make up the paperclip, or your body, or the electricity flowing to your house. Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

Not this kind. A telescope lets you get a better view of things that are far away. A microscope is what you would have to use to view things that are small. BUT the cosmic ray stardust is too tiny for ordinary microscopes as well. That's why we detect the particles instead of actually seeing them. Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

Cosmic rays are not rays like sunbeams but streams of very small bits of material that come from the centers of atoms. A single atom can be roughly imagined like the solar system. An atom has a small center called a nucleus with parts called electrons going around the nucleus a bit like planets going around the Sun. When we talk about a mixture of atoms the atoms' centers are referred to in the plural and are called nuclei.

The nuclei that make up cosmic rays travel just about as fast as something can travel in nature. This is called the speed of light. This is about 186,000 miles or 300,000 kilometers in a single second. That is like traveling around the Earth seven times in about the time it takes you to blink! Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

This is a very good and deep question. One simple answer is that stars through the normal course of their life blow off nuclei through winds or by exploding. Since these nuclei are sprayed off at random in all directions some of them will, of course, fall on the Earth were we see them as stardust so the stardust has to exist.

We cannot tell if they have fallen on us because they are so small and most of the particles go right through our bodies with out us feeling a thing. That is why we need a detector to know about them. Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

No, the cosmic rays are stardust. (See Question 1 in this category.) Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

No, they won't! The Sun will eventually collapse (in several billion years), but that won't be caused by cosmic rays. The Sun's light and heat come from a nuclear fusion reaction going on in its core. Eventually the Sun will use up all its fuel for this nuclear reactor, and without the power source at its center the Sun will ultimately collapse under its own weight. But we have more pressing worries here on Earth! Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

The cosmic rays that reach us here on Earth are not harmful to our health. They have always been around throughout the history of life on Earth. However, the reason they are harmless is that we have the atmosphere above us, shielding us by taking high-energy cosmic rays and dissipating their energy in cosmic ray "showers" like the ones we study. Getting hit by many low-energy cosmic rays is harmless, while getting hit by one high-energy cosmic ray might not be.

Lots and lots! We'll get back to you if we have an estimate on this number!! Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

The study of cosmic rays involves primarily nuclear science and astronomy. In that way, it is generally considered a field of physics; in recent years, it lives within a subfield called "particle astrophysics." However, cosmic rays, their effects, and their uses also show up in other fields as varied as archaeology and medicine! Back to Cosmic Ray Science Questions Back to Categories

Cosmic rays can cause mutation. Their likelihood of doing so depends on how much energy per particle they have. The constant background "rain" of low-energy cosmic rays on Earth's surface is thought to contribute significantly to the normal rate of mutation for life on Earth. Exposure to higher-energy cosmic rays, for example, through spending time at very high altitudes or in space, can cause higher rates of mutation and potentially lead to health complications such as cancers.

There are several ways to detect cosmic rays (besides the "solid scintillator" detection method used in CHICOS). To learn the basics of several different detection methods, visit a web page provided by the cosmic ray group at the University of Leeds. Back to Detector Questions Back to Categories

The exact value can vary and depends on the energy of the cosmic rays but a typical value is a few hundred per second. You can even see this if you look at the screen of CHICOS. The detector A and B gauges show the number of hits per second. Back to Detector Questions Back to Categories

A cosmic year is very long indeed. It's the length of time it takes the sun to complete one revolution around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. That's approximately 225 million earth years.

For now, let me say that it's a very cool glow that permeates the Universe, and provides us with a glimpse of a very hot early epoch in cosmic history. We believe that the CMB spectrum does indeed contain deviations from a pure blackbody, because of the interactions of the hydrogen and helium. But they're at such a low level, and in the low energy tail of the spectrum, that it's incredibly hard to imagine how you might detect such a signal.

The Cosmic Microwave Background was discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson sometime in 1964 during studies they had been making using a sensitive microwave receiving system at Bell Labs. The results were published in 1965 and the pair received the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery in 1978. Given that all of space expands at the same rate...then spaces that are farther apart from one another expand away from each other faster than spaces that are closer together ..