Aavid's plating recipe, 100% matte tin over a nickel barrier layer, follows the standard industry approach to whisker mitigation. We understand that whiskers typically occur when tin plating directly contacts a copper or copper alloy substrate, which then diffuse into each other, forming tin-copper intermetallic. This sets up compressive forces in the plane of the plating, causing 'extrusion' of tin whiskers.

this time there is no standard test for Tin Whiskers. Mini-Circuits has done testing based on the conditions below: Thermal Cycling - 500 cycles It should be noted that we also make use of several process and material choices in order to mitigate the formation of intermetallics and whiskers, including:

There are many problems associated with tin plating. One of which is whiskering, like cadmium and zinc, thin needle-like crystals known as "whiskers" form within a period after plating that may vary from a few weeks to several years. A whisker may measure up to .0001" (2.5um) in diameter, and grow spontaneously to a length of 0.375" (10 mm). Conditions that tend to promote the growth of whiskers are compressive stresses and uniform temperatures for long periods of time.

For high speed auto plating lines, MSA based electrolytes are most common. Numerous vendors such as Fidelity, Englehardt, LeaRonal, Isihara, Schlotter and other proprietary and home brews are readily available. For manual/rack/barrel plating lines, sulfuric acid based electrolytes are most common. Even more sources are readily available from numerous vendors such as above and lots of non-proprietary home brew chemistries. These are very inexpensive!

Less than 50 microns in any dimension of whiskers is considered acceptable. Visual inspection is performed under 30X magnification. There is currently no JEDEC/IPC standard for tin whisker testing, inspection and acceptance criteria.

Fretting is a common problem with Tin Plating. This is surface damage created when there is relative motions and strong contacts between parts, usually during shipping and handling. The tin plating shows black or worn spots caused by rubbed or scratched by another part. This oxide does not effect the parts functionally. They are still solderable. A way to eliminate fretting is by changing the type of packaging. (Layer packing or plastic trays are recommended) - Metal Finishing Guidebook 1997

Package and constituent information is available for specific part numbers. To view this information, enter the desired part number in the field below and click Search. All package body sizes, assembly materials (mold compound and die attach epoxy), assembly processes (downbond and die coat) and fab processes behave differently in a higher reflow environment (above 240°C).

No high-Tin plating process can claim to be whisker-free. Copper/copper-alloy lead frames plated on a Nickel diffusion barrier are highly whisker resistant. All finish platings applied by Samtec are preceded by a Nickel diffusion barrier. Generally speaking, the thickness of the Nickel barrier underplating is 50 micro-inch minimum.

Temperature compatibility - Matte Tin is compatible with the elevated temperatures of lead-free, reflow processing (250-260C). Bright Tin has a tendency to discolor (turn dark) when exposed to the higher lead-free, reflow processing environment. Appearance - Matte Tin has a normal whitish "matte" surface appearance whereas Bright Tin has a bright (shiny) surface finish.

I find regular whole wheat flour to be to dense when used as the sole flour for a bread. White whole wheat flour, however, produces a delicously wheaty, crunchy, fine-textured bread. It's especially fragrant when you grind the flour yourself shortly before mixing the dough. Simply replace all the flour in the "Basic Hearth Bread" on page 305 with equal weight white whole wheat flour. The first rise will take about 2 hours intead of 1.

The specification range thickness of the matte tin is 300 micro inches to 800 micro inches. The target mean thickness is 450 micro inches. This thickness has been shown to retard tin whiskers, in conjunction with other process steps.

A plating containing bright acid tin can discolor when exposed to the higher processing temperatures of lead-free, reflow soldering. Therefore it is recommended that the BAT be changed to change to Matte Tin. We are recommending that through hole parts with high temp insulators also be changed to a matte tin finish.

The thickness of the Matte Tin plating is part specific. The majority of products will have a minimum 150 micro-inch to 350 micro-inch plating thickness.

It is the intent of Samtec to continue to support customers requesting Bright Tin plating. Bright Tin will remain Samtec's "standard tin plating" until March 1, 2006. After that date, if you prefer to specify Bright Tin plating, contact Samtec Customer Service at info@samtec.com for instructions.

Consistent with our past history, it is the intent of Samtec to continue to support customers requesting Tin-lead plating. The Tin-lead plating designators "-TL" (Tin-lead) and "-STL" (Selective Tin-lead) will remain valid plating designators for part call-outs. No. Product will be shipped bearing the plating specified by the part call-outs in the customer order.

The new plating will be 100% matte tin with a nickel barrier layer between the tin and the base material.

We have appeared on Fox TV. Health News as shown. Detroit Free Press article on Food Section dated March 3rd. 1999. Numerous Trade Magazines. Approver from the USDA as functional alternative flour.

Re-plating is renewing the surface of your item with the appropriate metal, silver, gold, pewter, brass, through an electromagnetic process.

Not only are their whiskers long but there are lots of them. They are positioned in clumps far back on the top of the head plus in the normal 'whiskery' places. These long whiskers help foraging in the dark. They also help devils space themselves from each other when they are feeding on carrion. It helps them park around carrion without crowding - if devils whiskers are not touching each other when they are feeding they are safely outside biting range.

Users of S&P 100 index options fall in two broad categories: institutional asset managers and traders, and individual investors. Individual investors who use S&P 100 options cover a broad spectrum, from conservative blue-chip investors to more aggressive stock market traders. However, depending upon your particular financial goals and investment objectives, S&P 100 options may or may not be right for you.

Under Windows 9x, eConsole registers as using 100% of the available CPU time while idle. This does not, however, reflect the actual machine load, since the computer remains accessible and responsive as usual under Windows 9x. The cause for this phenomenon seems to be within the metering API of Windows 9x - under NT, eConsole registers with between 0% and 3% CPU load while idle, which is what one should expect.

Once he uses the 100 minutes, he will be unable to call. You have to contact our customer care so you can add $10 or more to the account to use dial-out services (after using the first 100 minutes).

A TIN is a Triangulated Irregular Network wherein each and every point in the DTM with an elevation (z) is interconnected in a in a one-to-one relationship to any and all other ajoining elevation points. (see mapping collection page)

A recipe must contain ingredients and the directions for assembling those ingredients. A recipe may contain your suggestions or comments relevant to that recipe. From time to time the Lead Moderator may decide to post an article explaining a recipe or technique in more detail. For this newsgroup, a recipe is defined as a list of ingredients with a set of instructions on how to put those ingredients together.

You can also access our recipe sections. These are at www.vrg.org/recipes and www.vrg.org/journal. VRG also publishes several cookbooks including Simply Vegan, Conveniently Vegan, Meatless Meals for Working People, The Lowfat Jewish Vegetarian Cookbook, Vegan Handbook, and more. You can also go to the search engine of your choice and type in "vegetarian recipes" and you will discover thousands of websites.

Salsas are usually mixtures of acid and low-acid ingredients; they are an example of an acidified food. The specific recipe, and sometimes preparation method, will determine if a salsa can be processed in a boiling water canner or a pressure canner. A process must be scientifically determined for each recipe. To can salsa at home, use our recipes for Hot Chile Salsa or Mexican Tomato Sauce. Your county Extension agent may have additional tested recipes for salsas.

Several ways. Visit our Show List A-Z to locate the show from which the recipe came. On each show page you'll see the most recently aired recipes. You can also use our Episode Finder, available on all TV pages, to locate recipes found within a recent episode you've seen. Don't forget to scroll down on the results pages!

Regarding plating: Plating is not only cosmetic but it protects you from the very slight chance of brass poisoning. Our metal JodyJazz mouthpieces are made from a solid bar of brass. Then there are three layers of plating starting with Copper then Silver or Nickel and then the Gold. We use heavy Gold in 24kts. Over the long run the top layer of Gold can start to wear off. You are still protected from brass poisoning by the other two layers, which will not wear off.