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Frequently Asked Questions

I am missing a pectoral muscle. Do I have Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
Not necessarily. Pectoral aplasia is the most frequent skeletal muscle deficiency in the general population, but only 13.5% of the people with this defect have Poland's Syndrome. (Flatt, 1994) No, as a rule, Poland's Syndrome occurs sporadically ("out of the blue") and does not run in families. The risk of recurrence of Poland's Syndrome in the family is minute (1%).
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What is Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
Poland syndrome is a unique pattern of one-sided malformations that are present at birth. Poland syndrome is characterized by a defect of the chest (pectoralis) muscle on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (ipsilateral hand).
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How frequent is Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
Poland syndrome is considered rare by The (US) National Institute of Health Office of Rare Diseases as it affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. It affects 1 child in about 20,000 - 30,000. For reasons that are unclear, Poland's syndrome is 3 times more frequent in boys than girls.
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What causes Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
The cause of Poland syndrome is uncertain. The disorder is currently considered "a nonspecific developmental field defect" occurring at about the sixth week of fetal development. According to one report, diminished blood flow through the subclavian artery that goes to the arm has been blamed, but final proof for this idea is lacking.
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What are the features of Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
In patients with Poland's syndrome, the end of the main chest muscle that normally attaches to the breastbone is missing. (This condition is referred to as aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoralis major.) On the same side of the body, nearby chest muscles (the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscles) may also be absent as may be the armpit (axillary) hair. In girls, the breast on that side is also usually absent.
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How is Poland's Syndrome treated?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
Reconstructive surgery has in the past been the main recourse. Fused fingers are separated as early as possible and breast or chest implants my be used after full physical development has been reached. Today, bioengineered cartilage can be implanted to help give the chest a more normal appearance.
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What other defects are associated with Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
The child with Poland syndrome usually is entirely normal except for the problems already noted. Upon rare occasions, Poland's syndrome is associated with more severe finger and arm involvement or spine or kidney problems. Intelligence is rarely, if ever, impaired by Poland syndrome. Anomalies associated with Poland's syndrome are scoliosis, Moebius syndrome, Sprengel's deformity, renal hypoplasia and aplasia, spherocytosis, leukemia, lymphoma, and pectus excavatum or carinatum.
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I have syndactyly of the hand. Do I have Poland's Syndrome?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
Not necessarily. There are 28 syndromes in which syndactylism can occur. The reported incidence of Poland's syndrome in patients with syndactyly of the hand ranges from 2.5% to 14%. (Hamburg, 2001)
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Should the implant be placed in front of or behind the pectoral muscle?

Plastic Surgery FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
In the majority of cases the result is more natural with a softer breast when the implant is placed beneath the muscle. The incidence of capsular contracture (hardening) is also significantly reduced. In certain circumstances it may be advantageous to place the implant in front of the muscle, but these are not common.
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Can I have implants placed behind (under) the pectoral muscle with TUBA?

Breast Implants 4 You - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Abo...
Yes, you have the option of having your implants placed partially underneath the pectoralis major muscle with the TUBA technique. Although some doctors may say that it can't be done because they, themselves, have not trained nor have perfected the technique. We know many, many patients who have received sub-pectoral placement with the TUBA approach. The fact of the matter may be the implant placement is more difficult with the TUBA and many surgeons may be unwilling to learn a new technique.
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What will we do in Poland?

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
We can’t wait to be a part of the growing youth ministry movement in Poland! Josiah Venture does youth ministry in eight eastern European countries by partnering with the local church. Through this partnership we will reach out to Polish youth with the gospel. We will also train youth leaders by doing ministry side by side, and by teaching how to do effective ministry in leadership schools. Finally, we will individually mentor and disciple youth and their leaders.
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Without Vodka, by Aleksander Topolski - Q&A
I was born in Naklo, in northwestern Poland where my father, who was born in Galicia, was the head master of a high school.. We soon moved to Pruzana in the Pripet Marshes in Eastern Poland (now part of Belarus). When I was about seven, my father retired as director of the teachers training college there.
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Everything You Wanted To Know about Poland but were Afraid t...
Too bad that not too many American people know where is Poland. Most of them are thinking that in Poland is very very cold and we are on the North Pole.
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
We are well aware that to make an impact on somebody's life, not to mention a country, it will take more than 5 years. We see our decision having long term commitment. We are open to God to reveal to us what He has in mind.
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What is muscle wasting?

Juven - Cancer Care - Frequently Asked Questions
Muscle wasting is what happens when the body breaks down the proteins in muscle for energy. Even if your weight stays the same, your body may still be breaking down muscle for energy. Loss of muscle can make it harder for you to get better after an illness and stay mobile and active. The effects of muscle wasting are serious and can affect both quality of life and survival. Maintaining muscle is vital for people living with cancer.
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What do I have to bring to Poland with me?

Dental Travel Poland - Dentist in Poland - Warsaw - Krakow
First of all don't forget to bring your passport. It is good to take some money as well. Not only to pay for a treatment but also to do some shopping in Warsaw. You will find Poland relatively cheap.
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How Do I Get to Wroclaw, Poland?

Cycling Vacations Poland
We are located in the capital city of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw. This is a beautiful old town which is our start and end point. If you are coming from the United Kingdom, Ryanair flies direct from Stansted and East Midlands airports to Wroclaw. If you are arriving from another part of the world email us here and we'll do our best to help you out.
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How long do Pectoral implants last?

FAQ About Pectoral Implants For Men | From Yes They're Fake!
Pectoral Implants are supposed to last your lifetime, but sometimes infection rears its ugly head and your implants must be removed, your infection dealt with and then and only then can discussions be made about re-implantation. The implant itself should last indefinitely without degradation. Although, that can not be said for sure as the pectoral implant is not at least 80 years old. But, in theory and in tests involving silicone -- the material will last a very long time for its indication.
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Should I go over or under the muscle?

Breast Implant Placement FAQ
This is a factor that you will have to choose. This entirely depends upon your needs and your desires. There are pros and cons to both and choosing your placement should be a decision based upon several consultations/medical opinions and your own needs. Although some surgeons may prefer a placement over another, if you have adequate tissue and average skin thickness, overs should not be a problem. Not every patient needs to have sub-pectoral coverage to help hide the implants.
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What is Asperger's Syndrome?

Autism Society of America: Autism FAQ
What distinguishes Asperger's Syndrome from autism is the severity of the symptoms and the absence of language delays. Children with Asperger's may be only mildly affected and frequently have good language and cognitive skills. To the untrained observer, a child with Asperger's may seem just like a normal child behaving differently. They may be socially awkward, not understanding of conventional social rules, or show a lack of empathy.
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What is an epileptic syndrome?

UC Davis Comprehensive Epilepsy Program - FAQ about epilepsy
Until recently, neurologists classified the types of seizures, such as focal or generalized convulsive. The past few decades, research has leaned toward determining if the patient has an epileptic syndrome, or a specific type occurring under certain conditions. These conditions could include a particular clinical setting at a certain age with other accompanying findings like radiological tests and EEGs. Absence--or petit mal--seizures can illustrate the value of a syndrome approach.
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What is a Syndrome?

CdLS USA Foundation: Facts About CdLS
Syndrome" is a medical term for a condition in which there is a collection of signs (observable body changes) and symptoms (problems observed by the patient) recognizable by a doctor's exam. Individuals with a syndrome may not have all of its associated signs and symptoms, but they must have enough to be considered "diagnostic." Conversely, because someone may display some of the signs and symptoms of a syndrome, does not necessarily mean they have it.
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What is HELLP Syndrome?

Preeclampsia FAQ
HELLP Syndrome occurs in 4 percent to 12 percent of the women who have preeclampsia. It is one of the most severe forms of preeclampsia. HELLP stands for: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and lowered platelets. HELLP Syndrome most often affects the liver, causing stomach and right shoulder pain. HELLP Syndrome is most dangerous because it can occur before you exhibit the classic symptoms of preeclampsia. It is often mistaken for the flu or gallbladder problems.
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Is Down syndrome inherited?

Down Syndrome: FAQ
Only 3 to 5% of cases are inherited; the rest arise as an accident of chromosome arrangement during meiosis. For details, see my essay on the origin of trisomy 21 or Dr. Paul Benke's essay on the types of DS, and the risk and recurrence risk of DS. No. Down syndrome occurs at conception, so nothing in the pregnancy can cause Down syndrome to occur. As for prior to conception, the research all shows that drug or alcohol use does not increase the risk of having a child with DS.
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What is Tourette Syndrome?

Tourette Syndrome FAQ
Tourette Syndrome TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by tics -- involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly in the same way.
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Why is it named "Poland's Syndrome"?

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Poland's Syndrome at ww...
quot;Poland" does not refer to the nation but to Sir Alfred Poland, a 19th-century British surgeon. Born in 1822 in London, he became Demonstrator in Anatomy in 1839 at Guy's Hospital. There he dissected the body of a deceased convict named George Elt whom he reported had "Deficiency of the pectoral muscles" (Guy's Hosp. Rep. 6:191, 1841). Poland became a celebrated surgeon and ophthalmologist but had to retire in 1867 due to a chronic cough.
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My pet is missing, what should I do?

Frequently Asked Questions
The first thing to do, after thoroughly searching your own neighborhood, is to stop by Animal Care & Control to report the lost pet, view the strays and check through found reports. You can visit us as often as you wish but you should stop in at least every couple of days to make sure the animal has not been brought in. Descriptions of the same animal can vary from one person to the next; so don't rely on a phone call to identify your pet.
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