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What are the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke?

Secondhand Smoking Ordinance FAQ
Secondhand smoke exposure is a known risk factor for lung cancer. Approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths occur each year among adult non-smokers in the United States as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke is also linked to nasal sinus cancer. Some research suggests an association between secondhand smoke and cancers of the cervix, breast, and bladder. However, more research is needed in order to confirm a link to these cancers.
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Where can I find fact sheets on the effects of exposure to secondhand smoke?

www.WorkingSmokeFree.com
You can find lots of information about secondhand smoke in the Why go smoke free? section of this site.
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How can I measure secondhand smoke exposure?

www.WorkingSmokeFree.com
Evidence that you have been exposed to secondhand smoke can be found in your lungs (increased levels of carbon monoxide), blood and urine (in cotinine, a byproduct of nicotine). Your local health department or primary care physician likely can test you for elevated levels of these substances.
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What is secondhand smoke?

New York's Smoke-Free Workplace Law
Secondhand smoke is a combination of a smoker’s exhaled smoke and the smoke from a burning cigarette. It contains more than 4,000 substances, including 200 known poisons and 43 cancer-causing substances and kills an estimated 62,000 nonsmokers each year in the United States.
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Is there really a debate as to whether secondhand smoke exposure is harmful?

www.WorkingSmokeFree.com
There is no debate about the effects of exposure to secondhand smoke. The Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Cancer Institute all agree that exposure to secondhand smoke is toxic and carcinogenic.
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Secondhand Smoking Ordinance FAQ
Secondhand smoke, is the combination of two forms of smoke from burning tobacco products: sidestream smoke and mainstream smoke. Sidestream smoke, which makes up about half of all secondhand smoke, comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Mainstream smoke is exhaled by the smoker. Exposure to secondhand smoke is also called involuntary smoking or passive smoking.
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What health effects are associated with radon exposure?

RADON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The Surgeon General has warned that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. There are currently no conclusive data on whether children are at greater risk than adults from radon. No specific subtype of lung cancer is associated with radon exposure. Only smoking causes more cases of lung cancer. If you smoke and you are exposed to elevated radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especially high. The U.S.
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WHAT ARE THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO SOOT?

FAQ > Soot > Clean Air Act > Get Involved > Sierra Club
Since 1997, when the EPA first set particle standards, more than 2,000 scientific studies have shown links between particulate matter and a host of illnesses. In California, the California Air Resources Board has found that premature deaths linked to particulate matter are now at levels comparable to deaths from traffic accidents and second-hand smoke.
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Why do people need protection from exposure to secondhand smoke?

Frequently asked questions
Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals and in second hand tobacco smoke that includes 60 known cancer-causing substances including cyanide and arsenic. Exposure to secondhand smoke contributes to a range of serious medical conditions including: children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems and more severe asthma.
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How can secondhand smoke hurt the unborn baby and the newborn?

Our Most Frequently Asked Questions
Cigarette smoke in the pregnant woman cuts the flow of oxygen to her unborn baby. This can be very dangerous, even life threatening to the fetus. Infants who are born to mothers who smoke are more likely to be born premature, which is the leading cause of infant death. Infants that are around secondhand smoke are at risk of dying of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
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What are the Health Effects From Exposure to Radon?

Radon FAQs
No immediate symptoms. Based on an updated Assessment of Risk for Radon in Homes, radon in indoor air is estimated to cause about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States. Smokers are at higher risk of developing Radon-induced lung cancer. Lung cancer is the only health effect which has been definitively linked with radon exposure. Lung cancer would usually occur years (5-25) after exposure.
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What are the health effects of asbestos exposure?

Asbestos in school FAQ
Asbestos exposure can lead to diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis (lung scarring), and mesothelioma (cancer of the lung cavity lining). There is a long latency period for these diseases. It could be 30 years after exposure before symptoms of disease begin.
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AIM Group Vermont | Green Mountain Environmental Services
Asbestos is a known carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent. The following are three primary diseases associated with exposure to asbestos, though other diseases and adverse health effects have been diagnosed: The most common asbestos-related illness is pleural disease, also known as Asbestosis, which is a scarring of the lung caused by asbestos fibers that have burrowed into lung tissue and block the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
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What are the health effects of mold exposure?

Frequently Asked Questions
The EPA and all recognized authorities regarding mold tell us that mold will grow within 24-48 hours, when there is water intrusion. In fact, the molds start growing immediately when wetted. Therefore, an ongoing roof leak, according to all reputable experts, will produce mold. Unfortunately, many school districts, when faced with this reality, do their best, with insurance company and legal help, to minimize, hoping to avoid litigation.
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Q7: What evidence is there that secondhand smoke is a health risk?

Frequently Asked Questions
The evidence base that secondhand smoke harms health is substantial, and has been reviewed extensively, both in this country by the Government's independent Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health, and overseas. The World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer's report "Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking" published in 2004 reviewed the evidence of the health risks associated with smoking and secondhand smoke-that report is over 1,400 pages long.
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Is there any conclusive evidence that secondhand smoke is a health hazard?

SFC: Glad You Asked: Frequently Asked Questions
The above organizations are in addition to researchers in universities from around the world. The evidence that secondhand smoke is a health hazard is simply overwhelming. Every reputable major health organization and government agency agrees that secondhand smoke is dangerous to your health. In April 2004 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made history.
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How does secondhand smoke affect my health?

MyMonroe. Opening Up Government. | Monroe County, NY
Secondhand smoke has been classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a known cause of lung cancer in humans (Group A carcinogen). It causes eye, nose and throat irritation; headaches; may contribute to heart disease; increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections such a bronchitis and pneumonia; increased severity and frequency of asthma episodes and decreased lung function.
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Making UWM A Smoke-Free Campus
Secondhand smoke is the combination of the smoke that people who smoke breathe out, plus the smoke that comes directly from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Secondhand smoke is known to increase the risk for lung cancer and coronary artery disease in nonsmoking adults. Secondhand smoke is associated with an estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths and more than 35,000 coronary heart disease deaths in nonsmokers in the US annually.
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Frequently asked questions
Secondhand smoke is composed of sidestream smoke (the smoke released from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar) and exhaled mainstream smoke (the smoke exhaled by the smoker).
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What chemicals are present in secondhand smoke?

Secondhand Smoking Ordinance FAQ
More than 4,000 chemicals have been identified in mainstream tobacco smoke; however, the actual number may be more than 100,000. Of the chemicals identified in secondhand smoke, at least 60 are carcinogens (substances that cause cancer), such as formaldehyde. Six others are substances that interfere with normal cell development, such as nicotine and carbon monoxide. Following is a partial list of chemicals found in tobacco smoke:
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Are there trainings available for changing secondhand smoke policies?

www.WorkingSmokeFree.com
Yes! Contact the EnTER Program or the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Tobacco Prevention and Control Branch for more information on trainings and technical assistance.
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What risks are associated with secondhand smoke for nonsmokers?

DAODAS FAQs
Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), has been declared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a "Class A carcinogen" - meaning that it is a major cause of cancer and other serious public health problems. The health of nonsmokers is adversely affected by secondhand smoke as seen in more than 3,000 cases of lung cancer and 40,000 heart attack deaths of nonsmokers each year who have been exposed regularly to ETS.
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Is secondhand smoke really that harmful?

Smokefree England: General Information
Secondhand smoke kills. The Government's independent Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health concluded after reviewing the available medical and scientific evidence in 2004 that exposure to secondhand smoke contributes to a range of serious medical conditions, including: children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems and more severe asthma.
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Are There Other Effects on Health?

Reference Article : Commonly Asked Questions: Anorexia Nervo...
Yes, the malnourishment and purging associated with Anorexia often cause other significant health problems. People with Anorexia are often diagnosed with anemia, cardiovascular (heart and blood circulation) problems such as hypotension (low blood pressure) and irregular heart beat (arrhythmia), tooth decay from repeated vomiting, poor kidney functioning, and osteoporosis (a decrease in the size and strength of bone).
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Can you be tested for health effects of exposure?

Lemon Detox
Sometimes. Medical surveillance is a program of medical examinations and tests designed to detect early warning signs of harmful exposure. A medical surveillance program may discover small changes in health before severe damage occurs. Testing for health effects is called medical monitoring. The type of testing needed in a surveillance program depends upon the particular chemical involved.
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What are the health effects from exposure to PAHs?

Quinnipiack Valley Health District - HMS FAQ
In order to be exposed to PAHs at the school, you must come into direct contact with the contaminated soil (for example, touching the soil, eating soil particles on hands or food, or breathing airborne soil particles). Several PAHs have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals and in people after long periods of exposure at high levels. Studies in animals have also shown that PAHs can cause harmful effects on skin, body fluids, and the immune system.
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