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are at greater risk of having a child affected by spina bifida or another neural tube defect. These women may need to get a prescription for folic acid before trying to become pregnant, so it's important to plan any future pregnancy. Please speak with your health care provider about folic acid.

A little less than half of all multiple babies are born prematurely. The average length of pregnancy for single babies is about 282 days, so yours might come before then. Make sure you have a medical team of people you trust so that the care you and babies receive will reduce problems that might occur.

What is the difference between having recurring depressive moods as compared to being diagnosed as clinically depressed. I realize these are both serious situations, and I was wondering how the symptoms and treatments of these situations vary. I am confused about Cognitive therapies and Humanistic therapies. They seem like the same thing to me. Could you clarify for me and explain experiments in Festinger and Carlsmith study in connection with Less-leads-to-more effect described in the book.

Babies do not replace the temporary natural immunity they get from their mothers until school age and so are at greater risk. Students are thought to be more at risk because the carriage rates tend to be higher due to the close proximity in which they live on University campuses.

No. West Nile virus illnesses in children younger than 1 year old are infrequent. Since 1999 only 18 of the 15,401 cases reported to CDC were in children younger than one year of age.

Last year, about 4 million babies were born in the United States. Of these, one in ten — 400,000 — will need neonatal care of some sort (for prematurity, birth defects, infections, etc.) Slightly more than this percentage will be born premature. Thus there is a one in ten chance that your pregnancy will end before the complete forty weeks of gestation nature intended, and a similar probability that a baby will need neonatal intervention of some sort.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a type of bacterium that causes illness in newborn babies, pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with other illnesses, such as diabetes or liver disease. GBS is the most common cause of life-threatening infections in newborns.

Babies who are premature, unwell, or have had blood transfusions should all have the newborn blood sample taken as usual between 5 and 8 days of age AND this information recorded on the blood spot card. If a repeat sample is needed the laboratory will request this. It is very important that the test is taken at the usual age so there is no risk of a baby going untested.

Firstly, infant formula is not the same as bottle-feeding. e.g. in Sub-Saharan Africa when a feeding bottle is used, it most likely does not contain infant formula but rather plain water, cornstarch water or other traditional food mixtures. Infant formula can be fed by bottle, cup or cup and spoon. If the mother is healthy, it is likely that the baby will be healthy and breastfeeding will be successful. Mothers should first and foremost be encouraged and supported to breast feed their baby.

Almost all individuals become infected with HHV-6 before they reach 2 years of age. As a result, primary HHV-6 infections in adults is rare. After the initial infection during childhood, the virus establishes a lifelong infection whereby it enters into a latent stage. HHV-6 may reactivate if the individual becomes immuno-compromised. These re-activations can cause skin rashes, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, interstitial penumonitis and encephalopathy.

The H5N1 virus does not usually infect humans. In 1997. However, the first case of spread from a bird to a human was seen during an outbreak of bird flu in poultry in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region. The virus caused severe respiratory illness in 18 people, 6 of whom died. Since that time, there have been other cases of H5N1 infection among humans.

Yes! Workers who are exposed to the sun on a daily basis, such as farmers, fishermen, and construction workers, are at a higher risk for developing non-melanoma skin cancer.

Most women with fibrocystic tendencies are not at increased risk for breast cancer. There are some relatively rare conditions that can increase your risk. And only an evaluation by a physician can tell the difference.

Colorectal cancer affects an equal number of men and women. Colorectal Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The number of new cases and the number of deaths to colorectal cancer has been decreasing as preventative screening and colon health awareness has increased.

YES, constant high blood pressure hardens the arteries, by damaging the protective layer of the arteries. It increases the thickness of muscles of the heart, known concentric hypertrophy, as diagnosed on 2D Echo Cardiography. In many cases severe thickening leads to conditions of cardiac failure. It increases the burden on the heart, which has to work harder to maintain the normal blood flow.

YES, compared to non-diabetic, diabetics have two to three fold risk of dying from Coronary Artery Disease and they are prone to more of "Silent Heart Attack". They have severe form of blockages, involving are the major three arteries and also the disease is diffused in smaller vessels. High levels of sugar in the blood, causes damage to internal lining of the arteries, accelerating the process of blockages.

Along with many other bacteria found in the vagina, GBS can cause infection of the baby in the womb, which can result in preterm birth, stillbirth and late miscarriage. However, these are usually caused by a variety of factors other than GBS: genetic defects, gynaecological problems, other infections, etc.

Not necessarily. Most likely, it would depend upon the reason (if ever determined) the first child was premature. If the issue involved an incompetent cervix, procedures and treatments can be instituted to help prevent this from happening with subsequent pregnancies. If the issue was PIH , this may cause another premature delivery as the next pregnancy could result in increased hypertension. The only cure for PIH is to deliver the infant.

Huggies Nappies in Australia and New Zealand do not currently produce a nappy specifically for premature babies. However, Huggies Neo-Natal nappies are imported directly from the USA and are designed to fit premature and very small babies. These nappies are only available for direct purchase from selected outlets within Australia and NZ.

The risk of becoming ill from a single mosquito bite is extremely low. In areas where mosquitoes carry the virus, less than 1% of mosquitoes are actually infected. Even if mosquitoes are infected, less than 1% of people bitten and infected by those mosquitoes become severely ill.

The H5N1 virus does not usually infect humans. In 1997, however, the first case of spread from a bird to a human was seen during an outbreak of bird flu in poultry in Hong Kong. The virus caused severe respiratory illness in 18 people, 6 of whom died. Since that time, there have been other cases of H5N1 infection among humans. Most recently, human cases of H5N1 infection have occurred in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia during large H5N1 outbreaks in poultry.

Good News - the risk of West Nile Virus is extremely slight for wilderness adventurers. For the last 2 summers Black Feather has organized and led an expedition for a group of scientists to Nunavut and the NWT where they are studying Black Flies. Last Saturday, the Toronto Star ran a very interesting article on the virus, interviewing one of these experts, Doug Currie. Doug is the Curator of Entomology at the Royal Ontario Museum.