There is some research to suggest that a history of childhood abuse or other types of trauma may be more common in women with PMS or, more specifically, with PMDD. However, it is difficult to know this for sure. It is certainly possible that early trauma could increase a woman's risk of developing PMDD. Women who have experienced a severe trauma may develop a condition known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If this is a concern, please learn more about PTSD by visiting our PTSD site.

PMDD, or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, is a recognized medical condition that causes women to experience a combination of emotional and physical premenstrual symptoms during the 1 to 2 weeks before their period. These symptoms are severe enough to impact daily activities, school, work or personal relationships. For more information, please visit www.UnderstandPMDD.com.

No. Our bodies follow the laws of physics, and one principle law is that fluid will travel in the path of least resistance. Atherosclerotic plaques are calcified and hard, and they create an obstruction that detours the blood through alternate routes. During EECP, when your blood is flowing to the heart, it will naturally bypass arteries with plaque and enter healthy, non-diseased blood vessels to go around blockages.

Traumatic events seem to increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder. People with social anxiety disorder are twice as likely to have experienced trauma as a child. Many people who experience traumatic events develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and they are much more likely to develop depression or social anxiety. However, many people with social anxiety disorder have never experienced a traumatic event.

Not necessarily, but if you feel there's a time or event that affects how you you are now, it can be helpful to revisit it. You can decide this with your therapist's help. For example, you may go back to your first day of school, when you may have felt abandoned, rejected, frightened and insecure after being left there by a parent you implored not to leave you. Or maybe you'll go back to when you were eleven years old and overheard your parent's friend comparing you unfavourably with a sibling.

Substance abuse can lead to serious problems such as poor schoolwork, loss of friends, problems at home, and lasting legal problems. Alcohol and drug abuse is a leading cause of teen death or injury related to car accidents, suicides, violence, and drowning. Substance abuse can increase the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, because of unprotected sex. Even casual use of certain drugs can cause severe medical problems, such as an overdose or brain damage.

No. As a matter of fact, the opposite is true. Without treatment, kids usually self-medicate themselves with alcohol or marijuana.

Motor vehicle crashes, acts of violence, and falls are the leading causes of TBI. Almost two-thirds of firearm-related TBIs are classified as attempted suicide. The leading causes of TBI differ with age: falls lead as a cause of TBI among individuals 65 years and older, but transportation leads among people 5 to 64 years old. Risks of sustaining a TBI are especially high among adolescents, young adults, and people older than 75.

Premenstrual symptoms can begin anytime after a woman begins to menstruate and, on average, menstruation begins at around 12 ½ years of age in the U.S. Women tend to seek treatment for premenstrual symptoms in their late twenties and early to mid-thirties, so it is difficult to know exactly when milder premenstrual symptoms actually become severe enough to be considered PMDD. Even though PMDD is usually first diagnosed after adolescence, it can certainly occur in teenagers.

Genetics may play a role in PMDD. Studies have shown that identical twins are more likely to share the disorder (93%) than non-identical (fraternal) twins (44%), and daughters of mothers with PMDD are more likely to have it themselves. However, no specific genes have been identified to account for PMDD. It is best to simply say that genetics may put a woman at greater risk for developing the disorder.

This informative online brochure from Sidran Foundation Online talks about traumatic memories and how experiencing trauma effects the way our memory works. A huge collection of online articles about traumatic stress, presented by Self-Help & Psychology Magazine - A Pioneering Site. Includes a Questions & Answers link. A list of books on PTSD compiled by Fred Lerner, DLS, and information scientist at the National Center for PTSD.

There is no evidence that vaccination causes or worsens asthma. It is especially important that children with asthma be vaccinated like other children, as catching a disease like whooping cough can make an asthma attack worse. Although influenza vaccine is not routinely recommended for all asthmatics, it is recommended for severe asthmatics, such as those requiring frequent hospitalisation.16 There is no evidence that hepatitis B vaccine causes multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Some abusers suggest that their negative behavior is due to caregiver stress and being overwhelmed by the demands of providing care. However, research does not support caregiver stress being a cause of elder abuse. Research indicates that caregiver stress is an excuse used by abusers so they can continue their behavior without consequences. No. Many people use drugs and/or alcohol and are never abusive. However, the violence may intensify when abusers are using drugs or alcohol.

Yes and no. The name, PMDD, is relatively new but descriptions of the condition extend back to the days of the Greek physician, Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) who commented on women with suicidal thoughts and other severe premenstrual symptoms. The term premenstrual tension first appeared in 1931 and later evolved into the more familiar name -- premenstrual syndrome or PMS.

While PMDD can cause unpleasant, uncomfortable and even distressing symptoms and be quite disruptive to a woman's life, there is no evidence that women with PMDD are at higher risk for developing physical illnesses such as cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease and the like.

PMDD is a condition linked to the menstrual cycle, so once it begins, PMDD may persist until menstruation stops at menopause (or during pregnancy). Symptoms can vary greatly from cycle to cycle and from woman to woman, and not all cycles may be severe enough to be considered PMDD. Nonetheless, for the diagnosis to be made, the symptom pattern of PMDD must be present during most cycles.

Most certainly. Remember -- for premenstrual symptoms to qualify as PMDD, they must be severe enough to markedly interfere with a woman's life, including relationships with others. Family relationships can be badly disrupted by PMDD. This means relationships with spouse, children, parents, and significant others. This is especially true if PMDD remains undiagnosed and not recognized for what it really is -- a treatable medical/psychiatric disorder for which no one is to blame.

Depression is one of the more common symptoms of PMDD. Women often feel sad, blue, unhappy, down in the dumps, and/or hopeless as part of the PMDD symptom complex. But remember, the depressive symptoms of PMDD are linked to the menstrual cycle and must be absent at least during the week following menses. Also, depression is not necessary for the diagnosis of PMDD.

Women with PMDD may be angry and irritable, but this is seldom associated with actual violent or aggressive acts. There may be very rare exceptions, especially if a woman is temperamentally predisposed to violence or aggression. There was a report of a woman with previously unexplained recurrent violent behavior (including stabbing a woman to death), in whom all of the acts occurred during the premenstrual phase of her cycle.

Not necessarily, but if you feel there's a time or event that affects how you are now, it can be helpful to revisit it. You can decide this with your therapist's help. For example, you may go back to your first day of school, when you may have felt abandoned, rejected, frightened and insecure after being left there by a parent you implored not to leave you. Or maybe you'll go back to when you were eleven years old and overheard your parent's friend comparing you unfavorably with a sibling.

Of course. It is well known that many people who have been traumatized have suffered the unspeakable. The traditional therapy usually offers to talk about the unspeakable. Of course, it's a part of the healing process, but the whole process of healing a trauma involves healing of the mind, body, and spirit.

Rozerem has shown no evidence of abuse liability, even at 20 times the recommended dose. This could be because it does not bind to receptors associated with abuse and dependence, such as GABA or opiate receptors.[11-13]

The causes of childhood overweight and obesity are complex and multifactor: parent eating behaviors, lack of exercise, increased TV, video game and computer time, increased advertising to kids, etcetera. Before children reach their second birthday, many American children are developing the same eating habits that plague the nation's adults; too much fat, sugar and salt and too few fruits and vegetables.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as a head injury, closed head injury, or concussion, is an acquired injury to the head caused by an outside physical force.

The most common causes of TBI are motor vehicle crashes and falls, but TBIs can occur when a person's head is hit with a sudden outside force. The brain can be injured when a trauma forces the head forward or sideways violently. The force of the trauma can cause the brain to slam into the skull which can cause internal tears and bleeding. In infancy to early childhood, falls and motor vehicle accidents are the most frequent causes of brain injuries.

Immediate treatment for TBI depends on the severity of the damage. For the most severe cases, doctors perform surgery to control bleeding in and around the brain. Follow up care includes monitoring and controlling pressure on the brain and ensuring adequate blood flow to the brain. The outcome of TBI depends on the cause of the injury and on the location, severity, and extent of neurological damage.

Each year more than 200,000 people are hospitalized with brain injury and survive. Approximately 22% of brain injuries result in death. Falls are the leading cause of brain injury for people 65 years and older. Transportation-related injuries are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury for people aged 5-64. Around 5.3 million Americans currently live with disabilities resulting from brain injury.

PMDD is a medical/psychiatric disorder and not just "a way of life" for several reasons. First, the symptoms are very real and quite severe and affect a woman both physically and mentally. Second, while PMDD is a fairly common condition, most women do not suffer from it. Next, the symptoms are clearly linked to the menstrual cycle and do not occur if ovarian function is suppressed (e.g., pregnancy, menopause).