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What is symmetric cryptography?

The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
Encryption uses a mathematical key to provide secrecy. Symmetric cryptography refers to encryption systems that use the same key to encrypt and decrypt. A longer explanation can be found here: There are many books that explain these concepts in more detail. We recommend Chapter XX of Secrets & Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World, by Bruce Schneier.
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What is secret/symmetric cryptography?

Digital Certificate Registration Center
Secret key (symmetric/conventional) cryptography is a system based on the sender and receiver of a message knowing and using the same secret key to encrypt and decrypt their messages. One weakness of this system is that the sender and receiver must trust some communications channel to transmit the secret key to prevent from disclosure. Example: You use a strongbox to send a valuable gift to your friend, locking it with a key. No one can get to the gift without the key, including your friend.
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What is Cryptography?

Able Encryption Software. Safe Soft Corporation. Frequently ...
Cryptography is the art and science of keeping files and messages secure. It works by mathematically transforming plaintext messages or files into a ciphertext, a process known as encryption.
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Digital Certificate Registration Center
Cryptography is the science of enabling secure communications between a sender and one or more recipients. This is achieved by the sender scrambling a message (with a computer program and a secret key) and leaving the recipient to unscramble the message (with the same computer program and a key, which may or may not be the same as the sender's key). The emphasis of cryptography is on data confidentiality, data integrity, sender authentication, and non-repudiation of origin/data accountability.
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The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
Cryptography is the science of mathematical security. On modern computers, cryptography includes encryption, authentication, and integrity. A good introduction to the concepts can be found here:
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DCSSI FAQ
Cryptography is a science intended to convert unencrypted information or signals into information or signals using secret conventions called keys, such that the information or signals are unintelligible to third parties who are not aware of the secret used to convert the signals, or to perform the reverse operation using hardware or software means designed for this purpose.
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Digital Identity
Cryptography is the science of disguising information through encryption (scrambling) and restoring it to its original form through decryption. It provides similar, but much stronger, security assurances that signatures, paper envelopes and codebooks have always provided.
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Where can I learn more about cryptography?

DESCHALL Project Frequently Asked Questions
There are a few good resources available that should be able to help you better understand cryptography, regardless of your level of experience. Some of these can get quite technical, so if you're looking for a quicker introduction to some of the concepts and such, you'll probably want to grab the Snake Oil FAQ which was written to be understandable by an IS-type person without lots of background in mathematics or information security.
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What is Symmetric NAT? Is my firewall Symmetric?

Frequent questions about VOIP NAT Traversal and Media Path O...
You can find classification of NAT in RFC 3489 – STUN http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3489.html. It should not mater what type of firewall you have.
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What is encryption and cryptography?

JARING E-MALL
Encryption is the transformation of data into a form (a cipher) that is, for most intents and purposes, impossible to read with out the appropriate decoder (a cryptographic key). Its purpose is to ensure privacy by keeping information hidden from anyone for whom it is not intended, even those who have access to the encrypted data. Decryption is the reverse of encryption; it is the transformation of encrypted data back into an intelligible form.
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China Construction Bank (Macau)
Encryption/Cryptography creates a secure environment for the information being transferred between your browser and China Construction Bank (Macau). Put simply, secure data such as your customer ID and Password are scrambled in our encryption/cryptography process to avoid disclosing your information by unauthorized persons.
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Will all the similarity matrices be symmetric, in that the target and query sets are the same?

NIST Iris Challenge Evaluation FAQ
No, the target and query sets will not be the same and therefore the similarity matrices will not be symmetric.
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What Is Symmetric DSL (SDSL)?

DSL Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Symmetric DSL provides a transmission flow in which both downstream and upstream directions have the same speed. This type of DSL Internet access is appropriate for users that need to simultaneously transfer voice signals and data both to and from their computer.
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What is Symmetric (or Single Key) Encryption?

PKI - CCRA Electronic Commerce Security FAQ
Symmetric encryption uses a single piece of information (called a key) to perform the encryption-decryption processes. The sender would take the key (which is known by both parties) and encrypt the data by some process (this process is called the algorithm). The receiver, knowing the key and the algorithm, would take the message, reverse the process using the same key, and would get the original message.
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What is symmetric key encryption?

The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
The oldest form of cryptography, dating back at least 2000 years, uses the same key for encryption and decryption. With symmetric key encryption, the sender and receiver of the message must each keep the same key or password as a secret in order to guarantee their privacy when they exchange encrypted messages.
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Can Miredo serve behind a symmetric NAT?

Miredo : Question & answers
Currently, Miredo cannot serve as a Teredo client behind a symmetric NAT. However, in preparation for this to eventually become possible, Miredo can accept other clients behind a symmetric NAT (as of version 0.9.8). It's a matter of time before Miredo supports symmetric NATs to a larger extent (however in any case, support for symmetric NATs will never be equal to support for other NATs due to limitations of symmetric NATs).
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What is cryptology? Cryptography? Plaintext? Ciphertext? Encryption? Key?

Cryptography FAQs - WikiFAQ - Answers to Frequently Asked Qu...
The story begins: When Julius Caesar sent messages to his trusted acquaintances, he didn't trust the messengers. So he replaced every A by a D, every B by a E, and so on through the alphabet. Only someone who knew the ''shift by 3 rule could decipher his messages. A cryptosystem or cipher system is a method of disguising messages so that only certain people can see through the disguise. Cryptography is the art of creating and using cryptosystems.
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c) What is secret key cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Secret-key cryptography is sometimes referred to as symmetric cryptography. It is the more traditional form of cryptography, in which a single key can be used to encrypt and decrypt a message. Secret-key cryptography not only deals with encryption, but it also deals with authentication.
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d) What is Public Key Cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Public Key Cryptography is a method for securely exchanging messages, based on assigning two complimentary keys (one public, one private) to the individuals involved in a transaction. Public Key Cryptography is based on the science of encryption, the mathematical scrambling and unscrambling of messages.
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What is Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)?

SSL Certificate FAQs - SSL and HTTPS Basics
U.S. government restrictions on U.S. vendors prevented the export of "strong" cryptography several years ago. As a result, many people purchased computers or downloaded export version browsers supporting only 40- or 56-bit SSL encryption. Microsoft developed "Server Gated Cryptography" ("SGC") and Netscape developed "step-up" technology to enable 128-bit SSL encryption with export versions of browsers.
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How can I learn more about Cryptography on the Internet?

RXN Communications FAQ - Internet
Cryptography has many applications on the internet today, from the protection of documents to the securing of online transactions. The following sites offer additional information: Handbook of Applied Cryptography
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What is public/asymmetric key cryptography?

Digital Certificate Registration Center
Public key (asymmetric) cryptography is a system based on pairs of keys called public key and private key. The public key is published while the private key is kept secret with the owner. The need for a sender and a receiver to share a secret key and trust some communications channel is eliminated. This concept was introduced in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
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How can you ensure that cryptography is being applied correctly?

The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
One of the most difficult problems with cryptography is that only a very small number of people really understand today's best cryptosystems. There are more people who understand how to correctly use these systems but who do not necessarily understand their underlying mathematics, but even this group is relatively small. Most people, therefore, are forced to trust the words of the experts. See:
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