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Frequently Asked Questions

How secure is the conventional cryptography option?

The comp.security.pgp FAQ
Assuming that you are using a good strong random pass phrase, it is actually much stronger than the normal mode of encryption because you have removed RSA which is believed to be the weakest link in the chain. Of course, in this mode, you will need to exchange secret keys ahead of time with each of the recipients using some other secure method of communication, such as an inperson meeting or trusted courier.
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What is Cryptography?

Able Encryption Software. Safe Soft Corporation. Frequently ...
Cryptography is the art and science of keeping files and messages secure. It works by mathematically transforming plaintext messages or files into a ciphertext, a process known as encryption.
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Digital Certificate Registration Center
Cryptography is the science of enabling secure communications between a sender and one or more recipients. This is achieved by the sender scrambling a message (with a computer program and a secret key) and leaving the recipient to unscramble the message (with the same computer program and a key, which may or may not be the same as the sender's key). The emphasis of cryptography is on data confidentiality, data integrity, sender authentication, and non-repudiation of origin/data accountability.
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The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
Cryptography is the science of mathematical security. On modern computers, cryptography includes encryption, authentication, and integrity. A good introduction to the concepts can be found here:
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DCSSI FAQ
Cryptography is a science intended to convert unencrypted information or signals into information or signals using secret conventions called keys, such that the information or signals are unintelligible to third parties who are not aware of the secret used to convert the signals, or to perform the reverse operation using hardware or software means designed for this purpose.
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Digital Identity
Cryptography is the science of disguising information through encryption (scrambling) and restoring it to its original form through decryption. It provides similar, but much stronger, security assurances that signatures, paper envelopes and codebooks have always provided.
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Where can I learn more about cryptography?

DESCHALL Project Frequently Asked Questions
There are a few good resources available that should be able to help you better understand cryptography, regardless of your level of experience. Some of these can get quite technical, so if you're looking for a quicker introduction to some of the concepts and such, you'll probably want to grab the Snake Oil FAQ which was written to be understandable by an IS-type person without lots of background in mathematics or information security.
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What is an Option?

Options FAQ
Search here for fast answers to your questions. You can navigate by clicking on our key topics below. If you don't find an answer to your question, email one of our Options Professionals at options@theocc.com and you may find your question and answer featured here!
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What is conventional memory?

DOS FAQ by Christoph Fuchs
The first 640 KB of your RAM are called "conventional memory" under DOS. DOS can only address this first 640 KB of RAM directly, the other part won't be recognized if you don't load a memory manager like himem.sys. Most programs need a special amount of conventional memory to run, so it would be good to have as much free memory as possible within this 640 KB. How can you do this? Well, that's not quite difficult, but it is not fairly easy.
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Why do some of my friends say that bean bags are a better option to conventional furniture?

Bean Bag Mart
Bean Resters are very personal furniture to the home-owner as they are light and mobile (imagine having to carry/lug your favourite armchair which weighs an average of 12kg from room to room) and provides good lumbar support, requires a low maintenance level and by its unique shape and customized colour scheme makes it popular, hip and funky in today's modern home.
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Why is The Owners Club a more sensible option than buying a conventional vacation home?

The Owners Club
With your Owners Club membership, you buy a fraction of a well-appointed private home that includes the benefits of belonging to an exclusive club community with amenities and personal concierge service not available to conventional homeowners. This is a smart investment because most people today use a vacation home on only holidays or long weekends.
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How do Fresh Option's prices compare to retail organic? How about conventional (supermarket) food?

Fresh Option Organic Delivery - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Our prices will average slightly lower than retail stores, plus you get free delivery. Supermarket chains have huge purchasing power and offer artificially low prices on conventional and even surprising low prices on some organic produce by buying large quantities and distributing them nationally. It's important to understand that local producers cannot always compete price-wise, but make up the difference in so many other ways.
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What is encryption and cryptography?

JARING E-MALL
Encryption is the transformation of data into a form (a cipher) that is, for most intents and purposes, impossible to read with out the appropriate decoder (a cryptographic key). Its purpose is to ensure privacy by keeping information hidden from anyone for whom it is not intended, even those who have access to the encrypted data. Decryption is the reverse of encryption; it is the transformation of encrypted data back into an intelligible form.
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China Construction Bank (Macau)
Encryption/Cryptography creates a secure environment for the information being transferred between your browser and China Construction Bank (Macau). Put simply, secure data such as your customer ID and Password are scrambled in our encryption/cryptography process to avoid disclosing your information by unauthorized persons.
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What is symmetric cryptography?

The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
Encryption uses a mathematical key to provide secrecy. Symmetric cryptography refers to encryption systems that use the same key to encrypt and decrypt. A longer explanation can be found here: There are many books that explain these concepts in more detail. We recommend Chapter XX of Secrets & Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World, by Bruce Schneier.
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How secure is the "for your eyes only" option?

The comp.security.pgp FAQ
It is not secure at all. There are many ways to defeat it. Probably the easiest way is to simply redirect your screen output to a file as follows: pgp [filename] > [diskfile] The "for your eyes" option was not intended as a fail-safe option to prevent plain text files from being generated, but to serve simply as a warning to the person decrypting the file that he probably shouldn't keep a copy of the plain text on his system.
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Do I have to do all this to secure my computer?

ResNet Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, it is your responsibility to maintain a secure system. In June 2004, the university promulgated Policy 5.4.1 -- Security of Information Technology Resources concerning user responsibility for ensuring the security of their computers on the net.
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Is it secure?

SELinux Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
The notion of a secure system includes many attributes (e.g., physical security, personnel security, etc.) and Security-enhanced Linux addresses only a very narrow set of these attributes (i.e., mandatory access controls in the operating system). Put another way, "secure system" means safe enough to protect some real world information from some real world adversary that the information owner and/or user care about.
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Do you offer Secure Server Layer (SSL) option?

Super Shop Tv
Yes, only for the order forms for the cgi script which reside on our server. The fee is the LOW, low US$50 per year. There is no set up fee unless you wish to integrate you stores with Real Time Credit Card processing through a payment gateway. See Next Question.
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What is cryptology? Cryptography? Plaintext? Ciphertext? Encryption? Key?

Cryptography FAQs - WikiFAQ - Answers to Frequently Asked Qu...
The story begins: When Julius Caesar sent messages to his trusted acquaintances, he didn't trust the messengers. So he replaced every A by a D, every B by a E, and so on through the alphabet. Only someone who knew the ''shift by 3 rule could decipher his messages. A cryptosystem or cipher system is a method of disguising messages so that only certain people can see through the disguise. Cryptography is the art of creating and using cryptosystems.
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c) What is secret key cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Secret-key cryptography is sometimes referred to as symmetric cryptography. It is the more traditional form of cryptography, in which a single key can be used to encrypt and decrypt a message. Secret-key cryptography not only deals with encryption, but it also deals with authentication.
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d) What is Public Key Cryptography?

Digital Signature India
Public Key Cryptography is a method for securely exchanging messages, based on assigning two complimentary keys (one public, one private) to the individuals involved in a transaction. Public Key Cryptography is based on the science of encryption, the mathematical scrambling and unscrambling of messages.
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What is Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)?

SSL Certificate FAQs - SSL and HTTPS Basics
U.S. government restrictions on U.S. vendors prevented the export of "strong" cryptography several years ago. As a result, many people purchased computers or downloaded export version browsers supporting only 40- or 56-bit SSL encryption. Microsoft developed "Server Gated Cryptography" ("SGC") and Netscape developed "step-up" technology to enable 128-bit SSL encryption with export versions of browsers.
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How can I learn more about Cryptography on the Internet?

RXN Communications FAQ - Internet
Cryptography has many applications on the internet today, from the protection of documents to the securing of online transactions. The following sites offer additional information: Handbook of Applied Cryptography
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What is secret/symmetric cryptography?

Digital Certificate Registration Center
Secret key (symmetric/conventional) cryptography is a system based on the sender and receiver of a message knowing and using the same secret key to encrypt and decrypt their messages. One weakness of this system is that the sender and receiver must trust some communications channel to transmit the secret key to prevent from disclosure. Example: You use a strongbox to send a valuable gift to your friend, locking it with a key. No one can get to the gift without the key, including your friend.
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