There are many management scenarios that would work but one of the simplest would be to graze the native from April until June 30, then let it rest until after frost. This will lead to a healthy native grass stand. The Bermuda portion would be fertilized May 1 and August 30. It would then be grazed from July through November. Cattle would then wintered on the dormant native grass with the addition of a grain based supplement. Any left over Bermuda grass would be grazed as needed.

Remember, in the Spring, high ambient air temperatures promote crown and leaf development at the expense of the root system in Bermuda grass. When soil temperatures rise above 65°F (18 C) root growth starts. The plant is able to pick up appropriate nutrients and access deeper soil-water resources. When soil temperatures are above 65°F , more aggressive plant growth can be met with more aggressive cultural practices.

Probably not, since native grass in good condition needs little or no management inputs, there is no cheaper way to put forage in an animal if you have plenty of acres. On the other hand, if you have few acres, and must raise a large number of animals on a small acreage, then an introduced grass might fit you better.

Mid February through Mid April is the best time. Later than this, we run into problems with excessive annual grass competition and moisture loss during the time the Bermuda grass is trying to spread.

That depends! In pastures that have no cool season grasses in them like ryegrass, fertilizing from Mid April to the first of May would be recommended. If the pasture has ryegrass, fertilizing for the Bermuda growth should take place May 1 to June 1. If fertilized earlier than this the ryegrass will use up that fertilizer before the Bermuda has a chance to begin growing rapidly. If fall forage is needed, fertilizing Bermuda in late august can provide high quality grazing well into December.

The Harrison County Conservation Board (HCCB) has a no-till native grass drill available for rent. Please call the office at 712-647-2785 for application information. The drill rents for $10/acre with a $40 minimum charge. The HCCB also has earth augers, a root plow, and a tree planter for use at no charge.

Fences have two purposes: keeping animals in and keeping predators out. The wood fences of fancy horse farms or New England stone walls may succeed at the former, unless you're trying to keep a bull away from cows in season, or unweaned lambs away from their mothers. To keep predators out, you will probably need woven wire, high-tension, or electric fences.

Click here for information on activities, event reservations, attractions, restaurants, watersports, etc. Or, visit Bermuda Tourism's site at: www.bermudatourism.com, or Bermuda Shorts at www.bermudashorts.bm, or Bermuda.com

Nevada is classified as a Transition Zone because of its mild seasonal climate. Cool season grasses grow faster in the spring and fall and slow down in the summer/winter. Most people prefer the look of a green yard all year round without having to overseed. Fescue will stay green during the winter if properly fertilized before late fall. Bermuda goes dormant in the winter and requires an overseeding of rye grass to keep the yard green.

First, you would want to make sure the fertility of the soil was properly taken care of. Then you would need to prepare a fine firm seed bed. The next step would be to obtain seed with a good mix of native grass adapted to your local area. The seed should be planted ¼ in deep with a commercial drill that has a fluffy seed agitator at 10 to 16 lbs of pls per acre.

The Iowa Prairie Network is committed to assisting landowners that are willing to protect and manage their native remnants. The Loess Hills Alliance also assists in educating landowners about these topics.

Under high fertility, some of the newer varieties of Bermuda have the potential to produce above 6 tons of forage when high rates of nitrogen are applied on deep, moderately drained soils. With no fertility, on average, we expect 1 ton of production/year on Bermuda grass pastures. With the rainfall we receive in S.E. Oklahoma, 3 to 4 tons/ac is easy to accomplish under the proper soil fertility practices.

Unfertilized old growth Bermuda, will have protein contents in the 3 to 5 % range. Fall fertilized Bermuda has been known to hold protein contents of 10 to 12% all the way up into January. Probably not, sprigging a Bermuda grass pasture can cost upwards of $100 per acre, and the loss of a years worth of production. If the pasture has Bermuda grass plants scattered throughout the field, it would be more cost effective to properly fertilize it.

The best way would be to plant it with a specialized seeder that can handle small seed. One brand is a Brillion seeder that drops the seed and a set of packer wheels push it into contact with the soil. If a seeder is un-available, scattering the seed with a three point whirly bird seeder can be effective. Start with the gate on the seeder closed as tightly as it will go and still allow seed to come out. Test it on a few acres and adjust it open if enough seed is not being applied.

Disk it in September or October and let it winter kill. You will not get 100% control and you will essentially be re-sprigging the Bermuda grass. Also expect new plants to come up from seed. There are some chemicals that are active against Bahia. Check with your extension educator for chemical options.

Ryegrass can be mixed with fertilizer and applied to the pasture through the fertilizer spreader or it can be spread with a three point whirly bird type seeder. It can also be planted by a drill with a small seed box but care should be taken to not plant it deeper than ¼ inch. With broadcast seeding, pulling a chain harrow over the pasture after seeding will increase germination and survival of the plants.

Your lawn may have a disease called Spring Dead Spot. This disease is very difficult to control. Rake the dead areas to encourage fill in from healthy grass plants growing adjacent to the spot.

Bermuda is known as the Shipwreck Capital of the Atlantic. There are more accessible wrecks (over 400) off Bermuda's coast than in any other location. The Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR) provides a great base for our exploration of Bermuda's history and wrecks. Their well-equipped facilities include dive boats, underwater ROVs, research libraries, classrooms and a full-time staff with an intimate knowledge of the area and the underwater world. [Back to Top]

In St. Louis, we are in the transition zone between ideals for northern and southern grasses. Tall Fescues are best adapted for our area where there are extremes of cold winters and hot summers.

No grass will grow in complete shade however we have found Sir Walter to perform the best in shaded areas if mown longer than normal prior to winter. Generally Sir Walter requires a minimum of 3 hours of direct sunlight or 4 hours of filtered sunlight per day.

It would be best if you measured each of you pastures yourself. Your county extension educator can provide you with instructions on how it is done. You can also go to your local N.R.C.S. office and find your pasture in the county soil survey. After determining what soil type the pasture is, you can then find the table that list average yields for native grass for that soil type.

The best way is to find out how much yearly production is expected and then only stock enough animals so that they are only consuming ¼ of that production. The old rule of take half leave half applies here. Then, you have to consider that the animals will only get to eat ½ of that since the bugs and environment will get ½ of the production. You should only stock enough animals so that your cattle are only consuming a ¼ of the potential production.

The best way would be to defer grazing for 1 or two years. Leave cattle out of the pasture till after frost and get them off prior to spring green up. Native grass is a very resilient plant community and if the land has not been plowed in its prior history, with a little rest it will recover quite rapidly. If you cannot defer the grazing completely, consider reducing stocking rate by ½ for 4 or 5 years.

Moles are one of nature’s creatures that provides for highly effective aerification of the root zone. Unfortunately they don't cooperate with the turf grass manager and can create tremendous problems. There are a number of baits which should be available through your local chemical distributor. Because there are too many local and regional controls over these chemical, a local source of knowledge will be your best source of which on to use.

lbs of Amm. Nitrate is about 50 units of N. A good rule of thumb is that for every addition 50 units of N added, we would expect a ton of production. We normally expect Bermuda grass to produce 1 ton without fertilizer so adding 50 units of N should increase our production to 2 tons per acre. A better strategy would be to add 100 units of N to increase production to 3 tons per acre since the Bermuda is more efficient at these higher levels of nitrogen fertility.

Battery storage is the easiest way to utilize wind power. Our kits are supplied with charge controllers to regulate the power going to the batteries, but they are also supplied with a dump load, which will produce heat, once the batteries are fully charged.

According to the CDC, APIC, AORN, High-Level Disinfection is the appropriate and recommended method for reprocessing non and semi-critical (non-invasive) devices. Further, utilizing the appropriate method for these devices provides a safe non-toxic method to save twice as much money as sterilizers. No. Unless the company has FDA authorization (5-10K) to provide both High Level Disinfection and sterilization. Sterilization is not pasteurization or HLD.

Common bermuda should be maintained at 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches. Hybrid bermudas will be shorter, depending on the variety. St. Augustine should be mowed at 2 to 2-1/2 inches. Fescue and buffalograss can be mowed at 3 inches. Zoysias will vary depending on the variety.