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Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a way to tell which bank converted my check to a substitute check?

Compass Bank
Banks are required to identify themselves as the "reconverting bank" (the one that created the substitute check) to preserve any previous bank identifications. This will either be indicated on the substitute check or may be obtained by contacting your bank.
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What is a substitute check?

Check 21 Frequently Asked Questions
A substitute check is a legally sanctioned document about the size of a "business" check that can be provided to a paying bank or consumer in lieu of an original check that has been truncated along the collection stream. A substitute check is considered the legal equivalent of its original check for all purposes and reasons, including proof of payment.
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What if there’s an error resulting from a check that is converted to a substitute check?

M&T Bank : Customer Service
Check 21 contains special provisions that allow consumers to file a claim and obtain an expedited recredit of certain losses related to a substitute check. These provisions apply only to consumers; however, all customers have the right to seek to have errors corrected under other provisions of Check 21, as well as under existing law.
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Can a bank create a substitute check from an image of another substitute check?

ECCHO
Yes. The formatting of the second substitute check must conform to ANS X9.100-140. Creating a substitute check from an image of a substitute check will require the bank to "clip" certain areas of the original substitute check to be placed on the subsequent substitute check.
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Does a bank have to accept a substitute check?

Check 21 FAQs
Under the Act, any person or bank may deposit, present or send for collection or return a substitute check without an agreement with the recipient if the bank has made the warranties set forth in the Act. The warranties need not be affirmatively made, because they automatically attach through the act of transferring, presenting, or returning a substitute check for consideration.
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Does a bank or a bank's customer have to accept a substitute check?

ECCHO
Yes. Under the Act, all persons, companies, government agencies and banks must accept substitute checks.
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Does a bank have to provide a substitute check when a customer asks for a copy of his check?

ECCHO
No. There is no requirement in Check 21 that a bank must provide a customer a Substitute Check when they ask for a copy of his check. A bank can provide the customer with an image copy, but should make sure that it states it is a copy particularly if it is a copy of a Substitute Check. Check 21 does not expressly address issues relating to security features on substitute checks.
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Is my bank required to tell me about substitute checks?

FRB: Frequently Asked Questions about Check 21
Under Check 21, banks are required to provide a disclosure to their consumer customers who receive canceled checks with their monthly statements. The disclosure describes substitute checks and consumer rights regarding substitute checks. Banks must provide this disclosure to existing customers not later than the first statement mailing after Check 21 becomes effective on October 28, 2004.
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Can I demand a substitute check from my bank instead of a copy?

FRB: Frequently Asked Questions about Check 21
Your bank may provide you with a substitute check, but it is not required by law to do so. If your bank does not provide you with a substitute check, you usually can use a copy of an original check or a copy of a substitute check as your proof of payment.
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Can a non-bank create a substitute check and if so who would make the warranties under the Act?

ECCHO
Under the Act, the first bank that transfers or presents a substitute check becomes the reconverting bank and as such takes on all the warranties and liabilities under the Act. It is possible that banks may allow their customers to create substitute checks, but would likely require agreements to allocate the Check 21 liabilities back to those customers. Bank's deposit agreements should state that a customer can create and deposit a substitute check only with prior agreement.
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Are there any other reconverting bank responsibilities when creating substitute check under the Act?

Check 21 FAQs
Yes. The substitute check also must bear all the endorsements applied by any party previously handling the check, whether in electronic or paper form, for either a forward collection or return. The bank that created the substitute check, called the reconverting bank, also must be identified on the substitute check.
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If a bank has to accept a substitute check, why is it said that the Act is voluntary?

ECCHO
While a bank has to accept a substitute check, the Act does not require any party to create substitute checks. Banks will make their own decisions based on their business considerations as to whether to create substitute checks. No. Check 21 only provides legal recognition and equivalency of substitute checks. Additional agreements and/or rules are required for image exchanges.
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Can a bank create a substitute check for its customer, based on the receipt of an image file?

ECCHO
Yes. Regulation CC clarified its definitions for Transfer and Consideration to allow a paying bank to produce a substitute check for the drawer and a depositing bank to produce a substitute check for the depositing customers.
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How do I keep my check from being converted?

Check Conversion for Businesses : Business Check FAQs
The new amendment to the NACHA Operating Rules is designed to make it easy for businesses to opt out of check conversion. The simplest way to make sure your checks are not converted is by using checks that include the Auxiliary On-Us field in the MICR line of your check. To learn more about the Auxiliary On-Us field see The Auxiliary On-Us Field: Why It Is Important. You will need to work with your financial institution to determine what information should appear in this field.
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Check 21 - FAQs
A substitute check is a paper reproduction of an original paper check that must (1) contain an image of the front and back of the original check, (2) bear a Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) line containing all the information from the original check MICR line, except as provided in industry standards to facilitate substitute check processing, (3) conform in paper stock, dimension, and otherwise with industry standards, and (4) be suitable for automated processing in the same manner as t.
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Checking, First National Bank Omaha
A substitute check is a legally sanctioned document, with all the rights and obligations as the original check written from your checkbook. Substitute checks are paper copies created from electronic images of original paper checks (front and back, with all endorsements). Each substitute check also includes a statement identifying it as a legal copy of the original check.
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Creative Payment Solutions - Deposit24 Frequently Asked Ques...
A substitute check is a form of legal payment transmission created by Check 21. A substitute check is a paper reproduction of the original check that meets the following criteria: Bears a MICR line containing all the information appearing on the MICR line of the original check, except as provided under generally applicable industry standards for substitute checks to facilitate the processing of substitute checks.
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Check 21 FAQs
A substitute check is a paper copy of the front and back of the original check. A substitute check is slightly larger than a standard personal check so that it can contain a picture of your original check. A substitute check must be printed in accordance with very specific standards so that the substitute check can be used in the same way as the original check.
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ECCHO
A substitute check is a paper reproduction of an electronic record (image) of an original paper check that was previously truncated. Substitute checks must meet the definition of a substitute check from Regulation CC Subpart D. They must fulfill the requirements for legal equivalency and include the provisions required by the reconverting bank.
Related Questions

Can state warrants be converted to substitute checks?

Check 21 FAQs
Many states and other municipalities pay their obligations with warrants. These documents are considered non-negotiable instruments. Even so those state warrants that come within the definition of "check" (see description above) may be converted into a substitute check under the Act. Since warrants vary from state to state, banks processing such warrants should consult with their legal counsel as appropriate to determine coverage of warrants under the Act. No.
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Can someone substitute for me?

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - PESI
Yes, we allow substitutes any time. Please provide substitute's name and address in advance or at the door.
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What happens if a check is converted and it was not supposed to be converted?

Check Conversion for Businesses : Business Check FAQs
There are three common instances in which checks are mistakenly converted: either the check was ineligible for conversion, or the check writer had opted out of check conversion, or the check writer later claims the check was unauthorized. In any of these instances, the check writer's financial institution will return the transaction to the biller/merchant's financial institution within 60 days of the settlement date of the transaction.
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What do I do if my check is converted and I did not want it converted?

Check Conversion for Businesses : Business Check FAQs
If you do not wish to have your checks converted, and your checks do not contain an Auxiliary On-Us field in the MICR line of the check, you can contact the billing company to opt out of conversion. In a store, you may use a different form of payment. The company must notify you if it is using the check conversion process, usually with a note on the bill or with an enclosure in the bill.
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What's The Best Way To Tell Someone About This Site?

Frequently Asked Questions - Rebuild Your Back
I think you'll find that the best way to let others know about this site - whether online or in person - is to simply mention that you found a website on the internet that you like called RebuildYourBack.com and just leave it at that. If they're interested, they'll ask you more about it or visit the site on their own. Believe me, that great article you're just dying to have them read will more likely get read... and more likely have a positive impact... if they discover it for themselves.
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How can I change the way returns are converted?

MIT IS&T: Web Publishing Reference - Frequently Asked Qu...
By default returns (newlines) are converted into spaces, but you can change this behavior using the +r [replacement] option. To break lines of poetry with slashes you might use: process-comments.pl -r '/ ' [files to process] The -r option turns off return conversion entirely. Be careful using this option, since many programs will deal with this in a strange manner (treating each user-typed line as a separate record).
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Who is liable if a fraudulent check is converted?

Check Conversion for Businesses : Business Check FAQs
The company that converted the check and its originating financial institution would be liable if an unauthorized transaction occurs.
Related Questions

What happens to my check after it is converted?

Check Conversion for Financial Institutions : FAQ about Chec...
Checks converted at the point of sale using POP are voided and returned to customers. Checks converted using BOC will be imaged, securely stored until destroyed and destroyed. No. Under Regulation E and the NACHA Operating Rules, only the amount of the payment may be deducted from a customer's account. Your customers can be assured that NACHA Operating Rules and Regulation E provide protection if there are unauthorized debits from individual accounts.
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