A) An estimated 20 million Americans have enough of a hearing loss that they cannot fully understand the meaning of a television program. This is especially true of the elderly, the fastest-growing category of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. Captions enable deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers to participate with family and friends in America's favorite pastime- watching TV. Captions can also benefit adults and children learning to read as well as people learning English as a second language.

A) Like subtitles, captions display spoken dialogue as printed words on the television screen. Unlike subtitles, captions are specifically designed for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. Captions are carefully placed to identify speakers, on- and off-screen sound effects, music and laughter. Closed captions are hidden as data within the television signal and they must be decoded to be displayed on your TV screen.

In 1990, the Federal Communications Commission passed the Television Decoder Circuitry Act, which requires that as of July 1, 1993, all televisions manufactured in the United States or for sale in the United States that have a picture of 13 inches or larger must have a closed caption decoder built into the set. To view the captions, all you have to do is turn on the decoder by following these simple steps: Closed captions should appear within approximately one minute of adjusting this setting.

The rules require people or companies that distribute television programs directly to home viewers to make sure that those programs are captioned. Those distributors include local television stations, satellite television services (such as DirecTV, Primestar and Dish Network), local cable operators. In some cases, it will be national television program provider, i.e., ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX, Lifetime, etc.

A) Caption writers transcribe a program's entire script into a computer using a software program developed by The Caption Center. Caption writers time and place captions, then add or adapt information to give viewers a full sense of the events occurring on screen. Finally, the last step in an intricate process that can take up to 30 hours for a one-hour program, captions are encoded as data into the program's video, ready for broadcast or duplication.

Many of programs have been closed-captioned for the hearing impaired community. Please call UHC to find out if the program you need has been closed-captioned.

Usually, captioning is a menu option on your television set. With the help of your television on-screen menu, (can be accessed by clicking the "menu" button on your remote control), you should be able to locate the caption option. Some television sets automatically turn on the captions when the "mute" button is used as well. Another good source to find the command to turn off the captions is in the user's manual that came with your television set.

Open captions are always visible, while closed captions require a caption decoder to make them visible. All TV sets in America larger than 13" in screen size have a built-in decoder. Closed captions can be accessed through onscreen menus or by muting the audio on a television.

Older adults can remember when TV sets had a "vertical hold" adjustment to prevent the picture from "rolling" vertically. When the picture rolls, there is a black bar visible between the top and bottom of the picture. This bar is the Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI). The VBI is part of the video portion of a TV signal, but it cannot be used for picture information. The VBI normally contains 21 scan lines. Caption data is placed in Line 21 of the video.

Encoders produce closed captions -- they encode them onto a video tape. Decoders produce open captions -- they insert them onto a video tape. A decoder can be used for two purposes: (1) to generate open captions onto a video tape (a professional line 21 decoder); and (2) to decode closed captions on an existing video tape. The latter decoders are the ones used by the hearing impaired in their homes to decode closed captions on TV programs or video tapes.

Federal rules require people or companies that distribute television programs directly to home viewers ("video program distributors") to make sure that those programs are captioned. Video program distributors include local broadcast television stations, satellite television services (such as DirecTV, Primestar, and the Dish Network), local cable television operators, and other companies that distribute video programming directly to the home.

Translated or "upconverted" 708 captions are DTV captions that originated as NTSC 608 format captions. The translation device uses the original NTSC line 21 caption data and generates CEA-708B format captions. These translated 608 captions maintain the look and feel of traditional analog captions although there is no standard specification for the translation method and the look of the resulting captions may be manufacturer-specific.

Both DVD and VHS versions include closed captioning for the hearing impaired. A decoder is required. The DVDs also include English subtitles which can be toggled on or off.

WGBH is accustomed to fast turnaround times and can work with studios to accommodate their schedules. However, to ensure that the captions and descriptions are available in time for a film's release date, studios should provide materials as soon as they are available.

Closed Captions (CC) are a standardized method of encoding text into an NTSC television signal. The text can be displayed by a TV with a built-in decoder or by a separate decoder. All TVs larger than 13 inches sold in the US since 1993 have Closed Caption decoders. Closed Captions can be carried on DVD, videotape, broadcast TV, cable TV, and so on.

When you send us your text and photos, we invite you to also include captions for the pictures that you submit.

Captions are a lot like subtitles. They reflect the spoken word in a text format. Captions also describe special sound effects and important musical elements in a program.

A). Owners put the aging park up for sale in 1978 in hopes that a group or entity would purchase and make the necessary investment to upgrade the park's declining condition, and then continue operations. The park had a strong draw still for small and large company picnics/outings and could offer exclusive use of the park to large companies for a reasonable cost.

CEA-608 ("native 608") closed captions are captions formatted and presented in the current analog television system and carried on the two fields of line 21 of the vertical blanking interval. Field one contains CC1, CC2, T1, and T2 (the latter being text services). Field 2 contains CC3, CC4, T3, and T4.

NOVA is closed captioned and described for viewers who are deaf, hard of hearing, blind, and visually impaired. To access descriptions, activate the second audio program (SAP) on your stereo TV or VCR. For more information about captioning, see the Captioning FAQ. For more information regarding descriptions, see the DVS® FAQ.

This list compiled largely by Tomalhe [7], FCaptDan [20], and Anthony J. Foglia [23], who are known collectively as "the cyberdudes with easy to remember email addresses," and Jeffrey Reichert [21] and Richard W. Koo [27]. Thalia Assuras joined the WNN anchor team as a result of the famed Anchor Search I. After Lisa McRee left in January of 1993, the show did not have a regular co-anchor for Aaron Brown. For the next several months, they went on a nationwide anchor search.

When the watch is pre-owned you can use the online request form and we will contact you as soon as the model becomes available. Please note that this is not an ordereing service as we are unable to guarantee the availability of pre-owned pieces.

Parental choice is the focus of the Child Care Links Child Care Subsidy Program. Parents are the best judge of what type of care is appropriate for their own child, therefore, parent's will choose their own child care provider.