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Frequently Asked Questions

Can persons become reinfected with hepatitis A virus after recovering from hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A: FAQ | CDC Viral Hepatitis
No. IgG antibodies to hepatitis A virus, which appear early in the course of infection, provide lifelong protection against the disease.
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Can people become reinfected with hepatitis C?

AIDS Action Committee of Massachusetts:
Yes. People who have cleared the virus either naturally or through medication can become infected again. Also, people who have active hepatitis C can become infected with additional genotypes (strains) of hepatitis C.
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How is hepatitis A virus transmitted?

Hepatitis A : Frequently Asked Questions
Hepatitis A virus is spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A. This type of transmission is called "fecal-oral." For this reason, the virus is more easily spread in areas where there are poor sanitary conditions or where good personal hygiene is not observed. Most infections result from contact with a household member or sex partner who has hepatitis A.
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How do you kill hepatitis A virus (HAV)?

Hepatitis A : Frequently Asked Questions
HAV can live outside the body for months, depending on the environmental conditions. HAV is killed by heating to 185 degrees F. (85 degrees C.) for one minute. However, HAV can still be spread from cooked food if it gets contaminated after cooking. Adequate chlorination of water, as recommended in the US, kills HAV that may get into the water supply.
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What is Hepatitis C Virus?

Frequently Asked Questions About Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a virus that causes chronic inflammation of the liver and liver disease. About four to five million Americans have hepatitis C and more than 15,000 new cases develop each year.
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What products are available to prevent hepatitis A virus infection?

CDC - Viral Hepatitis A - Frequently Asked Questions
Two products are used to prevent hepatitis A virus infection: immune globulin and hepatitis A vaccine. Immune globulin is a preparation of antibodies that can be given before exposure for short-term protection against hepatitis A and for persons who have already been exposed to hepatitis A virus. Immune globulin must be given within 2 weeks after exposure to hepatitis A virus for maximum protection.
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Who is most likely to become infected with the hepatitis C virus?

Hepatitis C Check - Frequently Asked Questions
Anyone can be infected with the hepatitis C virus. However, people most likely to be infected with the hepatitis C virus include individuals who: (1.) had a blood transfusion and or received an organ transplant such as kidney, lung, or heart, before effective screening began in July 1992; (2.) have been or are on long term kidney dialysis (hemodialysis); (3.) received treatment with a clotting factor concentrate manufactured before 1987; (4.) have ever injected illegal drugs, even once; (5.
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How is hepatitis A virus infection prevented?

Hepatitis A: FAQ | CDC Viral Hepatitis
Vaccination with the full, two-dose series of hepatitis A vaccine is the best way to prevent hepatitis A virus infection. Hepatitis A vaccine has been licensed in the United States for use in persons 12 months of age and older. The vaccine is recommended for persons who are more likely to get hepatitis A virus infection or are more likely to get seriously ill if they do get hepatitis A (see Who should be vaccinated routinely against hepatitis A?).
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If I have hepatitis C, can I be co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B virus?

Hepatitis C Web Portal: Frequently Asked Questions
It is possible to be co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B, primarily because these two diseases are spread in the same manner as hepatitis C.
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How common is hepatitis A virus infection in the United States?

Hepatitis A: FAQ | CDC Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A rates in the United States have declined by 89% since hepatitis A vaccine first became available in 1995. In 2006, 3,579 acute symptomatic cases of hepatitis A were reported; the incidence was 1.2/100,000, the lowest rate ever recorded. After adjusting for asymptomatic infection and underreporting, the estimated number of new infections was 32,000.
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What are the signs and symptoms of hepatitis A virus infection?

Hepatitis A: FAQ | CDC Viral Hepatitis
Some persons, particularly young children, are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, they usually occur abruptly and can include the following: In children aged <6 years, 70% of infections are asymptomatic; if illness does occur, it is typically not accompanied by jaundice. Among older children and adults, infection is typically symptomatic, with jaundice occurring in >70% of patients.
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I.0.7a WHEN WAS THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS DISCOVERED?

Hepatitis C FAQ v2.0
In 1987, Michael Houghton and colleagues at Chiron Corporation in California discovered part of the genetic material of HCV using molecular recombinant technology. This discovery allowed the development of tests to detect specific antibodies. The first enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test made available in 1989 employed only a single recombinant protein to detect antibodies and produced a significant proportion of both false positive and false negative results.
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Where did the hepatitis C virus come from?

The Hepatitis Council of NSW - FAQ
It is believed that HCV has existed for thousands of years. Before 1990, hepatitis C used to be called non-A non-B hepatitis. Doctors could only guess what was causing non-A non-B hepatitis until, in 1988, using genetic engineering, scientists discovered the virus responsible for causing the illness and called it hepatitis C virus. HCV can mutate or change slightly at a rapid rate and this is believed to be one explanation why the human antibody response does not eliminate the infection.
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Do I need to be vaccinated for the hepatitis B virus?

Externship Frequently Asked Questions
Given the particular risk of health/medical professionals acquiring hepatitis B, it is generally recommended that you receive the hepatitis B vaccination. In the United States, medical students, health professionals and certain high-risk individuals/groups, receive the hepatitis B vaccination. Now, the hepatitis B vaccination is given to the U.S. population during childhood.
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What is Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program FAQ - Southern Neva...
Hepatitis B is a serious infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). It can sometimes lead to chronic hepatitis, liver damage, cancer and even death. The younger you are when you get hepatitis B, the greater the chances of carrying the virus, which increases the chances of severe liver disease later in life.
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How long does hepatitis A virus survive outside the body? How can the virus be killed?

Hepatitis A: FAQ | CDC Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A virus can live outside the body for months, depending on the environmental conditions. The virus is killed by heating to 185 degrees F (85 degrees C) for one minute. However, the virus can still be spread from cooked food if it is contaminated after cooking. Adequate chlorination of water, as recommended in the United States, kills hepatitis A virus that enters the water supply.
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What is Hepatitis?

FAQ
Hepatitis means "inflammation of the liver". There are seven known types of hepatitis, but it is usually caused by one of three viruses; Hepatitis A, B or C. The effects of each virus are different. In some cases viral Hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), which can lead to serious life-threatening diseases including cancer of the liver. People can die from Hepatitis.
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FAQ
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is spread by eating food or drinking water contaminated with feces, or the bowel movement (BM) from a person infected with the Hepatitis A Virus. It can also be caused by anal-oral contact. Adults who become infected with HAV usually have bad symptoms for several weeks. Almost everyone who gets infected will recover and become immune to being infected again. There is a vaccine to prevent Hepatitis A.
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AIDSHotline.org -- Frequently Asked Questions About Hepatiti...
Hepatitis means “inflammation of the liver”. There are seven known types of hepatitis, but it is usually caused by one of three viruses; Hepatitis A, B or C. The effects of each virus are different. In some cases viral Hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), which can lead to serious life-threatening diseases including cancer of the liver. People can die from Hepatitis.
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What Are The Tests For Hepatitis Virus Infection?

AidsPortugal - VIRAL HEPATITIS
The first is a Hep Panel which tests for antibodies to B and C. Antibodies are the proteins your body produces when it encounters a pathogen, or virus. An antigen is a part of the virus. On the hepatitis panel, you may have a positive reactivity against hepatitis B showing antibodies. Only if you also have the presence of antigen as well are you likely to have a chronic, ongoing infection.
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How does a pregnant woman pass hepatitis B virus to her baby?

Viral Hepatitis
During the birth, blood from the mother gets inside the baby’s body. A very small number of babies get infected while the infected mother is pregnant. There is no treatment to prevent this from happening.
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If I have hepatitis B, what does my baby need so that she doesn't get the virus?

Viral Hepatitis
Make sure your baby gets all three hepatitis B shots plus H-BIG. If you are a mother with hepatitis B, follow this schedule for your baby: These shots will fight off the virus, and they are safe for your baby. If your baby gets those shots, there is a much lower chance your baby will get hepatitis B. A few months after your baby gets all of these shots, the doctor should do blood tests to see if your baby has the virus or if your baby is protected from HBV infection.
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Can the Hepatitis C virus contaminate through food?

TestiCare - Medical Tests FAQ.
No. Not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs to be on medication. Your doctor can help decide whether drug therapy would help you.
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Do All with hepatitis B virus HBV infection, develop chronic hepatitis B ?

TestiCare - Medical Tests FAQ.
No. Only 10 pct of adults and 50 pct. of children, but 90 pct of all hepatitis B virus HBV infection in babies, develops into chronic hepatitis B.
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