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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Flame Spread?

FAQ, flame retardant fabric paper woood
Flame-spread, used to describe the surface burning characteristics of building materials. The most widely recognized laboratory test of such fire characteristics is defined in several tests: These are commonly known as the tunnel test or "Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. (NFPA No. 255, ASTM E 84, UL No. 723).
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PermaGrain, Inc.
The propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition across the surface of a liquid or a solid, or through the volume of a gaseous mixture.
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What is the purpose of the flame spread test?

FAQ, flame retardant fabric paper woood
The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported.
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What is the test method for flame spread?

FAQ, flame retardant fabric paper woood
The tunnel test measures how far and how fast flames spread across the surface of the test sample. In this test, a sample of the material 20 inches wide and 25 feet long, is installed as ceiling of a test chamber, and exposed to a gas flame at one end. The resulting flame spread rating (FSR) is expressed as a number on a continuous scale where inorganic reinforced cement board is 0 and red oak is 100.
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What is the flame spread and smoke development of BioBased 501?

BioBased Spray Foam Insulation: FAQ
BioBased 501 has a flame spread of <25, and a smoke development of <450. BioBased 501 is a Class 1 fire-rated material. BioBased Insulation adheres well to almost any material, especially wood and steel studs, which are commonly found in residential and commercial construction.
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Fire resistance - what is an "hourly rating" and does it compare to flame spread?

FAQ, flame retardant fabric paper woood
A fire-resistive rating is the time that exterior wall construction can withstand fire exposure as determined by a standard fire test. Wall construction can be classified as 4-hour, 3-hour, 2-hour, 1-hour and non-rated construction. This rating is determined by a different test, known as "Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials" NFPA No. 251, ASTM E 119, UL No. 263).
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What is the flame spread and smoke development of BioBased Insulation?

BioBased Spray Foam Insulation: FAQ
BioBased Insulation has a flame spread of <20, and its smoke development is <400. For those reasons, BioBased is a Class 1-rated material against fires. This is the highest rating an insulation product can receive for residential and commercial applications.
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What is a "flame"?

introduction to the usenet newsgroups
A "flame" usually refers to any message or article that contains strong criticism, usually irrational or highly emotional. Avoid "flames", and if you do get "flamed", relax, calm down and decide if it's really worth "counter-flaming". Usually, it isn't worth it -- a complete waste of bandwidth and time; it also gets you perceived as a "flamer" by the large silent majority of Usenet readers, who will probably start ignoring your articles.
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Is FlexGel flame retardant?

CrossGel LLC :: FlexGel(tm) product frequently asked questio...
FlexGel?? passe??s the cigarette burn test. Open flame testing on the material demonstrated that only significant direct flame application yielded any combustion. For our medical products, the cushion material is treated to a flame retardant treatment and covered with a flame retardant cover to meet CAL technical bulletins 129 and 133.
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How is the flu spread?

MedImmune | Products | FluMist FAQ
The flu, much like the common cold, is airborne and can be easily transmitted from person to person. When a person infected with the flu virus sneezes, coughs, or even speaks, microscopic droplets that contain the virus are expelled into the air, which, if inhaled, can infect others. The flu can also be transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, nose or mouth.
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How is VRE spread?

VRE: Information for the Public FAQ | CDC Infection Control ...
VRE is usually passed to others by direct contact with stool, urine or blood containing VRE. It can also be spread indirectly via the hands of healthcare providers or on contaminated environmental surfaces. VRE usually is not spread through casual contact such as touching or hugging. VRE is not spread through the air by coughing or sneezing.
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Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
VRE are spread on hands and from surfaces contaminated with the patient’s body secretions or wound drainage.
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How is BSE spread?

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease)
There is still much debate in the scientific community regarding how BSE is spread. At the present time, BSE is thought to be spread in tissue from the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) as well as distal ileum, some of which can be present in meat and bone meal. BSE is not spread by animal-to-animal contact. In other words, an animal infected with BSE cannot infect another animal with which it is penned or pastured.
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How might HPAI be spread?

Avian Flu: Frequently Asked Questions - Shenyang, China
Wild waterfowl are the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses. They have probably carried influenza viruses, including H5 and H7 subtypes in the low pathogenic form with no apparent harm for centuries. Evidence now suggests that migratory birds can introduce low pathogenic H5 and H7 viruses into poultry flocks and these then mutate to the highly pathogenic form.
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How is the virus spread?

Avian Flu - FAQ
The virus can occur naturally in some wild migratory water birds, such as ducks and geese, which do not get sick from the virus but can carry it to other birds. Domestic poultry such as chickens and turkeys can get bird flu. These bird flu viruses pose no serious threat to human health.
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How is SARS spread?

CDC | Frequently Asked Questions About SARS
The primary way that SARS appears to spread is by close person-to-person contact. SARS-CoV is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby.
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How do fire ants spread?

Imported Fire Ant - FAQ
Fire ants reproduce opportunistically when conditions are wet and warm. They are found in all types of soil, but they do better in open pastures and sunny, grassy places than in thick shaded woods. Grassy medians of freeway and mowed pipeline and powerline rights of ways provide prime "freeways" for the ants too. Polygyne colonies (those with multiple queens/mound) can reproduce by budding off new colonies and spread by walking a few meters per year.
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How is it spread?

Pertussis FAQ – the disease the vaccine and the treatm...
Pertussis is transmitted through droplets from the mouth and nose when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. 6 Because it is most contagious during the first two weeks of infection when symptoms resemble a cold, pertussis is easily spread throughout a household. A parent, grandparent or babysitter suffering from what seems like a cold can actually have pertussis and spread the disease to the baby.
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How is rabies spread?

georgia.gov - Georgia Poison Center
Rabies can be spread from animal to animal, or animal to human. Rabies is spread when the saliva or brain tissue of an infected (rabid) animal gets in the mouth, the eyes, or an open cut. Rabies is most often spread to animals and humans through a bite from an infected animal.
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Hawaii State Department of Health - www.hawaii.gov/health
TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The bacteria get into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, shouts, sings, or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in the bacteria and become infected. You may have been exposed to TB if you spent a lot of time near someone with TB disease of the lungs or throat. Most people get TB from a family member, spouse, friend, or close coworker.
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Once it is present, how is it spread?

Frequently Asked Questions
is spread by movement of infected birds or contact with respiratory secretions, and in particular faeces, directly or through contaminated objects, clothes or vehicles.
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How is smallpox spread?

CDC Smallpox | FAQ About Smallpox
Smallpox normally spreads from contact with infected persons. Generally, direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact is required to spread smallpox from one person to another. Smallpox also can be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. Indirect spread is less common. Rarely, smallpox has been spread by virus carried in the air in enclosed settings such as buildings, buses, and trains.
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How can the spread be prevented?

Swamp eel FAQs
The USGS focus is to document the eels' geographic distribution and to learn as much as possible about its behavior and biology. The resulting information is considered critical in helping to develop strategies aimed at containing or controlling its spread. Meanwhile, catching and transporting for use as bait, food, or aquarium pets is highly discouraged.
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