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Frequently Asked Questions

When are Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy (LED) and Microdiscectomy (MD) recommended?

Neck & Spinal Surgery FAQs | Spinal Procedures | Vertebra Su...
Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy (LED) is recommended to treat herniated/protruded lumbar discs with or without annular tears and degenerative disc disease. This procedure is performed endoscopically with a small probe, under local anesthesia and there is no incision. Dr. Schiffer often combines the LED procedure with Thermal Annuloplasty procedure. Microdiscectomy is recommended to treat sequestered free fragment and bone spurs in the lumbar region.
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When are Cervical Endoscopic Discectomy (CED) and Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) recommended?

Neck & Spinal Surgery FAQs | Spinal Procedures | Vertebra Su...
Cervical Endoscopic Discectomy (CED) is recommended to treat herniated/protruded cervical discs. It is performed endoscopically under local anesthesia, using a small probe. CED can also be performed on cervical herniated discs that are extruded or compressing the spinal cord. Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) is recommended to treat extensive osteophytes (bone spurs) with or without disc protrusion. This surgery is performed using a microscope, with a small incision, under general anesthesia.
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What is a lumbar discectomy?

Spine information - vertebroplasty, cervical fusion, epidura...
A herniated lumbar disc can press on the nerves in the spine and may cause pain, numbness, tingling or weakness of the leg, called sciatica. Most patients (80% - 90%) with an acute lumbar disc herniation improve without surgery. Surgery is less effective in relieving back pain, but for some patients, especially those with leg pain, surgery may be recommended. Surgery removes part of the herniated disc through a small incision, relieving the pressure on the nerve.
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What is an endoscopic discectomy?

MicroSpine Frequently Asked Questions
endoscopic discectomy is a relatively common and simple procedure that many physicians around the world perform. It involves the removal of a portion of the disc to rectify both back and leg pain. The amount of disc removed is approximately 10% of the total of the disc itself and therefore it is really a partial discectomy.
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ARE THERE ANY COMPLICATIONS THAT OCCUR WITH SELECTIVE ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY™ SURGERY?

Dr.Gross is a respected Los Angeles orthopedic surgeon speci...
All surgical procedures have potential risks and possible complications and those associated with selective endoscopic discectomy™ surgery are similar but much less common than following open back surgery. The most common complications are: persistent nerve root pain either due to minor manipulation of the nerve or regeneration of the nerve that was damaged prior to surgery.
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COULD YOU SUMMARIZE WHY SELECTIVE ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY™ BACK SURGERY WORKS?

Dr.Gross is a respected Los Angeles orthopedic surgeon speci...
Dr. Anthony Yeung has performed more than 2000 of these procedures and originated this technique with the YESS endoscope and taught me his technique. Based upon his experience we believe that this technique is successful because of several factors. The abnormal portion of the disc that is creating internal pressure against the annulus and nerve root is removed.
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What are the long-term results of Cervical Endoscopic Discectomy (CED)?

Neck & Spinal Surgery FAQs | Spinal Procedures | Vertebra Su...
In our eight years of experience of the CED (Cervical Endoscopic Discectomy) and 14 years of experience with the LED (Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy), the long-term results are excellent.
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What is Microdiscectomy for the Cervical and Lumbar Spine?

Center for Spine Care - Frequently Asked Question About Back...
A small portion of the bone covering the nerve root and/or disc material under the nerve root is removed to relieve pressure caused by herniated or ruptured discs. Patients normally begin to feel pain relief almost immediately following surgery.
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IN WHAT CONDITIONS WILL SELECTIVE ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY™ NOT BE RECOMMENDED?

Dr.Gross is a respected Los Angeles orthopedic surgeon speci...
In a rare patient than has a disk that has become a fully extruded and migrated up into the spinal canal. The patient has extensive spinal stenosis he will need an extensive amount of bone removed which is better done with open surgery. If the patient has extensive spinal instability and requires a spinal fusion this must be done with an open procedure.
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Will I benefit from endoscopic discectomy?

MISpine - Detailed Procedures
A doctor who performs the procedure is the best person to answer that question. In many cases, endoscopic discectomy can return the quality of life you had prior to the onset of the leg and low back pain.
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What is Micro-endoscopic discectomy?

Center for Spine Care - Frequently Asked Question About Back...
Micro-endoscopic discectomy is an outpatient surgical procedure to remove herniated disc material. Using local anesthesia and a magnified video for guidance, a small, specially designed probe called an endoscope is inserted between the vertebrae and into the herniated disc space through the skin of the back. Tiny surgical attachments are then sent down the hollow center of the probe to remove a portion of the offending disc.
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My doctor has scheduled me for a microdiscectomy of the lumbar spine. How is this operation done?

eOrthopod
After six months of treatment for back pain, the doctor has told me I'm "recovered." I may be pain free, but there are still many normal things I can't do yet. How can I be "recovered?" How can low back pain be a "benign" disorder? It has ruined my life. If I could cut my spine out I'd do it in a heartbeat. How soon can I expect relief from my back and leg pain with a spinal fusion? I'm having one level fused (L45) using the ALIF method. I had a spinal fusion about 10 years ago.
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Why does severe scarring occur after lumbar laminectomy and/or open discectomy?

FAQs
Two types of material when present in the spinal column were the spinal nerve roots and spinal cord membranes are located (epidural space) produce severe scarring. Most scar producing is the presence of nucleus pulposus, which is the soft central part of the spinal discs. The next scar producing material is presence of blood in this space. Both of these materials are released in large quantities with lumbar laminectomy and open discectomy.
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Why do other surgeons want to perform only disc fusions and not endoscopic discectomy?

Neurosurgery Associates
Until mid 80's, fusion was considered the common solution for herniated discs. Ironically, most surgeons still believe in that theory. Medicine has made such advancement in the past 20 years and endoscopic discectomy is a great example of that progress. Endoscopic discectomy requires considerable training and experience, which most surgeons are yet to explore.
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Is a patient with prior spine surgery a candidate for an endoscopic discectomy?

Neurosurgery Associates
Patients with prior surgery can still undergo an endoscopic discectomy. However, the only definite contraindication would be a prior fusion at the same disc level.
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What is lumbar instability?

Back Pain Frequently Asked Questions - Back Pain FAQ's
Lumbar instability involves excessive motion between vertebral segments. This motion may be caused by spinal fractures, tumors, infection, scoliosis or other bony abnormalities that weaken the architecture of the spine. When severe, the instability can cause incapacitating deformity or pain as a result of the structural changes. Instability can also lead to damage or inflammation of the nerve roots. Disc degeneration may cause more subtle instability and produce pain from repetitive motion.
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Chris Urban M.D.
Lumbar instability is excessive motion between vertebral segments. This may be caused by spinal fractures, tumors, infection, scoliosis, or other bony abnormalities that weaken the architecture of the spine. When severe, the instability can cause incapacitating deformity or pain due to the structural changes. Instability can also lead to damage or inflammation of the nerve roots. Disc degeneration may cause more subtle instability and produce pain from repetitive micromotion.
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What is a microdiscectomy?

Our Doctors - The Spine Institute of Southern New Jersey
A microdiscectomy is a procedure done in the lumbosacral spine through an incision of approximately 1 inch, depending upon the patient's size; the incision may have to be slightly larger in obese patients. It is an outpatient procedure. That is, a same-day surgery procedure, where the patient goes home the same day of surgery with minimal muscle dissection. The incision is smaller than that used for any kind of endoscopic procedures that are currently being performed.
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Patients' Frequently Asked Questions (PFAQ) - Surgery
Microdiscectomy is the term applied for minimally invasive surgical procedures on the spine, including the cervical and lumbar spines. With the aid of an operating microscope, small incisions and precise surgery is performed to remove abnormal, ruptured discs causing nerve pain. Such surgeries are usually carried out on an "outpatient" basis or with a brief hospital stay. The results for relief of nerve pain are usually excellent.
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What is the recommended schedule for MD/MPH students?

Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine
The MD/MPH program is designed to be a 5-year program of study. Students have many options to complete the program. The usual strategy has been to take one course per quarter for the first two years, followed by an intensive year of MPH courses and thesis work. For students who begin in Summer Quarter, the intensive beginning with Epidemiology 1 will provide a solid framework for taking other MPH courses.
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What is a lumbar fusion?

Spine information - vertebroplasty, cervical fusion, epidura...
Lumbar fusion improves instability of the spine. As a disc degenerates and flattens, the vertebrae slip back and forth. This irritates the joints and creates or worsens stenosis (arthritis of the spine), irritating the nerves, causing back and leg pain. A bone graft is placed along the vertebrae and fuses or grows together with the vertebrae.
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Do children ever have lumbar disc problems?

Patient Education • Panorama Orthopedics & Spine C...
Help please...we need some quick answers. Our daughter has a fracture in the thighbone that needs surgical treatment. The doctor is talking about using a metal plate and screws to hold it in place while she heals. She'll be in a big cast, too. We live in a very isolated, rural area with few family and friends to help out. Isn't there an easier way to treat this problem? I don't know how we can manage.
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What is a Sympathetic Block (Cervical or Lumbar)?

FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions) about Epidurals, Selectiv...
The sympathetic nervous system controls autonomous functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and the gastrointestinal tract. When it malfunctions, it can cause uncontrolled chronic pain. The commonest sympathetically mediated pain, or reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD or CRPS), can respond to a block of the cervical or lumbar sympathetic nerves. The block may take only a few minutes but may relieve pain for months.
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What is "Hi-MD"?

Minidisc Frequently Asked Questions
Introduced by Sony in January 2004, Hi-MD is a nearly complete revamping of the original Minidisc system. The most significant change is the introduction of Hi-MD media, which includes a new 1GB blank in the existing MD form-factor and a reformatting of existing MD media that doubles its capacity to 305MB. In addition, several important and long wished-for Minidisc capabilities have been incorporated into Hi-MD equipment.
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What can I expect after a Microdiscectomy?

Patients' Frequently Asked Questions (PFAQ) - Surgery
After a microdiscectomy, you may experience local soreness at the incision for 5 to 7 days, usually requiring a light pain medication in pill form. There is usually a dressing in the area of the incision for 3 to 5 days. Sometimes paper strips (Steri-Strips®) stay on the skin for about one week. Physical therapy is often initiated after the first week following surgery and continues for a few weeks.
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What is the recommended schedule for using the LED Skin Rejuvenator?

Light Therapy Solutions - Light Therapy Systems FAQ
The manufacturer recommends one session each week for six weeks, and one session a month thereafter. Each session lasts twenty minutes.
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What is a LED?

DOMINANT SEMICONDUCTORS | DOMINANT SEMICONDUCTORS
The LED is a light emitting diode that is used in various display and lighting applications among others. Essentially it is a PN junction semiconductor diode that emits photons when it is forward biased. This light emitting effect of the LED is called injection electroluminescence.
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Shake Flashlights FAQ
A light emitting diode. They replace traditional incandescent bulbs and aren't actually bulbs at all, but rather a type of semiconductor diode that produces electroluminescence.
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