The x-ray flux follows an inverse square law: doubling the source-to-detector distance reduces the flux per unit area by a factor of four. This can be compensated by increasing the source current or the exposure time. Detector signal also increases with x-ray energy, but using too high a kVp setting can reduce image contrast.

The only part needing replacement is the antibacterial breathing filter (cost: $5 EA) each lasting the user's entire course of treatment. Five of these are supplied with the machine. These individual sets (breathing mask and antibacterial filter) are needed for each person using the machine during the course. This prevents cross infection between the users - in case the machine is used by MULTIPLE users. The common set (breathing bag, valves, connectors, tubing etc.

It depends on the voltage and the size of wire. For instance, if AWG16 (1.3mm2, 1.25mm in diameter) is used with 12VDC for NR-TX, the maximum wire length is 1.5km. Please refer to the instruction manual for more details.

The hearing damage criteria established by the OSHA noise regulation takes into consideration the noise level and the exposure time. An exposure to 90 dB for eight hours is considered to be safe by OSHA, but it is recommended that you always use hearing protection when exposed to 100dB or more, even if the exposure is short. The exposure is doubled for every increase of 5 dB, as defined by OSHA. (Physically the sound pressure level doubles every 3 dB).

There are two places that you can tap into power- Either the universal transmitter power in the roof center console or the cell phone power. Below is an example of one of each.

There are pros and cons. Recovery after laparoscopic surgery is much faster and virtually scar and pain free. Length of hospital stay is reduced to days instead of weeks. Scarring is minimal. In general, laparoscopy virtually eliminates two common postoperative complications: wound infections and hernias. The frequency of bowel obstructions and leaks is increased.

The combination of focal spot size and magnification determines the theoretical maximum resolution in the x-ray image. The finite spot size of the x-ray source creates a penumbra around the edges of the x-ray shadow, much like the sun casting a shadow of your hand. A larger spot size and a longer object-to-detector distance (ODD) both increase the penumbra and thus the minimum feature size detectable at the image plane.

By far the average person's largest source of radiation exposure is from naturally-occurring radiation, primarily radon indoors. Another significant source of exposure is the medically-related radiation most of us receive as part of medical exams and treatment. Exposure from regulated sources is maintained as a very small fraction of these levels.

The rule of thumb is that increasing output power by 6dB doubles distance. (However, I can't find a document-able source for this rule.)

No. Our sensors were designed specifically for monitoring applications and do not function as a power source like traditional oil filled instrument transformers. [See response to question 1 above.]

Digi-Fence uses 2 AA size alkaline batteries. These batteries run the display's processor all the time. The LCD readout will automatically turn off after 15 minutes of inactivity to conserve battery life. The readout will automatically turn on when any key is pressed, or when motion is detected. Because the processor is always on, the only time you ever need to recalibrate is when the batteries are changed, or when the blade kerf changes.

Digi-Stop uses 2 AA size alkaline batteries. These batteries run the display's processor all the time. The LCD readout will automatically turn off after 15 minutes of inactivity to conserve battery life. The readout will automatically turn on when any key is pressed, or when motion is detected. Because the processor is always on, the only time you ever need to recalibrate is when the batteries are changed, or when the blade changes.

No. The brightness of the bead comes from daylight caught by the high quality fibre optic material and channelled towards the shooters eye and appears as a bright dot. Response from Victor Scrooby - Sports Vision Optometrist - If you are 'red' colour blind then believe it or not you are also 'green'colour blind. This is called dueteranopia and affects about 8% of all men. It should not influence the effectiveness of the bead at all.

The units require 9 Volts DC, which is provided from one 9-volt transistor battery located in the battery box included with the kit. Typical battery life in most GA aircraft is 15-20 hours.

The exposure time can be controlled through the LuCam API. The LucamSetProperty() function with the LUCAM_PROP_EXPOSURE property provides the mechanism to control the exposure of the camera when in video mode. In snapshot mode you can set the exposure parameter of the LUCAM_SNAPSHOT structure.

The brightest astronomical targets e.g. the moon, major planets, (and the sun using a suitable filter) easily fall within the normal exposure range of a digicam. The equivalent ISO rating (speed) of a digicam may be adjustable up to 800 or even 1600ASA if the camera offers control over its' electronic gain. For astronomy, most deep-sky targets are so faint that they cannot be recorded within the maximum exposure of a digicam.

For the SPEC detector, the minimum itime is 0.25 seconds in CDS mode. For the SCAM detector, the minimum itime is 0.1 seconds in CDS mode. In MCDS mode, scale these values by the number of reads.

Distances less than 1/2 meter will not cause any problems. Distances over 1 meter can cause problems on some scanning systems when the speeds are high because of the voltage drops that occur in the power cable. (top )

Distance info is only useful so that the camera can apply the "guide number" formula: f-stop = GN/distance. This is only a rough approximation. Off-The-Film (OTF) metering measures the true exposure of the film, which is much more accurate than the guide number calculations. In A-TTL, Canon uses a preflash to actively judge the effective flash-to-subject distance rather than passively.

People are exposed to small amounts of radiation every day, both from naturally occurring sources (such as elements in the soil or cosmic rays from the sun), and man-made sources. Man-made sources include some electronic equipment (such as microwave ovens and television sets), medical sources (such as x-rays, certain diagnostic tests, and treatments), and from nuclear weapons testing.

Most stun guns require 9-volt Energizer alkaline batteries. Lower voltage units require only one, and the higher voltage units will use two or more. Not all brands of 9-volt batteries will work in a stun gun due to the amount of power they require. For this reason, ONLY fully charged Energizer alkaline batteries are recommended.

Most Cold Air Inflatables operate on typical household current, although some larger inflatables have special power requirements. Sealed Inflatables can be inflated by mouth, a simple hand pump, or an electric inflator, similar to those used to inflate blow-up beds.