There are two types of dyslexia. It is either brought about by early ear infections which caused temporary hearing problems (acquired dyslexia) or though congenital and developmental traits (developmental dyslexia). Its cause has not been fully established, but the effect is to create neurological anomalies in the brain. These anomalies bring about varying degrees of difficulty in learning when using words, and sometimes symbols.

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty affecting a person's ability to deal with text, and often numbers as well. Dyslexia is estimated to occur in about 8% of the population. Similar to color blindness, it is a permanent disability which needs continuous support through schooling. It is often accompanied by strengths in areas such as creative work, physical co-ordination and empathy with other people.

Each dyslexic person's difficulties are different and vary from slight to very severe disruption of the learning process. There is no total cure, but the effects of dyslexia can be alleviated by skilled specialist teaching of phonics, sequencing and techniques to raise the person's self-esteem. The neurological differences also give some dyslexic people visual, spatial, physical co-ordination and lateral thinking abilities that enable them to be successful in a wide range of careers.

Children or students who are dyslexic have phonological difficulties, that is, they find it difficult to sort out the sounds within words. This means that they have problems with reading, writing and spelling. The majority of dyslexic children have difficulty with text, memory and the sequencing processes of basic mathematics.

It is when dyslexic children begin to learn using words and sometimes other symbols that it becomes a noticeable problem.

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