The terms epilepsy and seizure are often confined. On the one hand, a seizure is the resulting behavior or set of behaviors, characterized by an apparent alteration of responsiveness and/or, sensory, or autonomic dysfunction, caused by excessive neuronal discharges in the brain. A seizure is a single event. Epilepsy is recurrent seizure activity resulting from a primary discharge of aberrant neurons within the brain. The causes of seizures are numerous.

Patients who have a kidney stone may have another kidney stone in the future. The risk of a patient having a recurrence of a stone can be up to 50% in 5-10 years and 80% in their lifetime.

While we have made a tremendous advancement in better understanding the anatomy and pathophysiology of the pelvic floor supporting system, and our ability to repair these problems with surgery is always improving. Yet, there are still areas we do not entirely understand and therefore, at least at present time we don't know how to fix some of the problems.

If your dog has just started on medication, be patient. It frequently takes several adjustments in medications before the right dose and combination of medications are found. If your vet has tried both Phenobarbital and bromide and your dog still doesn't have good control, you should consider asking your vet for a referral to a veterinary neurologist who may try other second and third line medications.

Left untreated seizures may get worse over time. Studies have shown that early treatment of seizures results in better long term control of seizures. With early treatment, seizures should become less frequent and less severe.

Treatment of epileptic seizures is usually accomplished through medication management. Antiepileptic medications work by circulating in the blood stream at an optimal and steady therapeutic level to provide maximum seizure control. This therapeutic level is called the plasma drug level, and this level is routinely measured from an assay of the patient's blood. Steady plasma drug levels are best achieved by taking the antiepileptic medication as prescribed.

The seizure itself is usually not painful. Following a generalized, tonic-clonic seizure, however, some children may complain of muscle aches and a sore tongue. These complaints are related to the muscle jerking and tongue biting during the seizure.

Seizures are a symptom of epilepsy. Epilepsy is the underlying tendency of the brain to produce sudden bursts of electrical energy that disrupt other brain functions. Having a single seizure does not necessarily mean a person has epilepsy. High fever, severe head injury, lack of oxygen -- a number of factors can affect the brain enough to cause a single seizure.

A person with epilepsy can help control his or her seizures by taking the prescribed medication regularly, maintaining regular sleep cycles, avoiding unusual stress, and working closely with his or her physician. Regular medical evaluation and follow-up visits are also important. However, seizures may occur even when someone is doing everything he or she is supposed to.

Single brief seizures do not cause brain damage. Although tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, lasting longer than 20 minutes may injure the brain, there is no evidence that shorter seizures, lasting less than 20 minutes, cause permanent injury to the brain.

The overall life expectancy of people who have epilepsy EpilepsyA disorder characterized by transient but recurrent disturbances of brain function that may or may not be associated with impairment or loss of consciousness and abnormal movements or behavior.Closeis the same as for anybody else if they are otherwise pretty healthy. Some people whose epilepsy is caused by things like a stroke or a brain tumor may die sooner from those conditions, of course.

I am not aware of any evidence that seizures improve patients but it IS a sign of activity and therefore they may be a sign of recovery. Note that seizures may result from the withdrawal of drugs e.g. baclofen Ref Barker I, Grant IS. Convulsions after abrupt withdrawal of baclofen. Lancet 1982;ii:556-7. He also asked if when I recommended in my post that oxygen should be given post seizure if I meant be under hyperbaric conditions. Oxygen given immediately at high flow (i.e.

In general, seizures do not cause permanent brain damage. The brain has an amazing amount of unused capacity and even if cells are damaged during a seizure, your dog should have the ability to relearn. If your dog has had a cluster of severe seizures you may notice some changes in their behavior, but these should be temporary. Most dogs fully recover from seizures in a few days but for some it may take a few weeks.

Seizures are the result of abnormal brain activity and are common in severely head injured people. Seizures are not good for the brain and it is desireable to control them. Medicines such as penytoin (Dilantin) and phenobarbital are commonly used. Some people's seizures cannot be controlled by medicines and the best that can be done is to maintain the other bodily functions are best as possible to minimize any further brain injury from continued seizures.

Yes, there is a possibility that your child will remain seizure-free while taking medication. About two-thirds of all people with seizures achieve this goal. If the doctor says that your child's neurological exam is normal and there is no brain injury or abnormality, the chances are even greater. Individuals with the diagnosis of primary generalized epilepsy (especially primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures) have a high rate of seizure freedom.