No, the crossover is built into the device. In car or home applications an external crossover is not necessary. However, in high powered professional use, a current limiting resistor or a safety cap may be used.

A crossover is a device which filters signals based on frequency. A "high pass" crossover is a filter which allows frequencies above a certain point to pass unfiltered; those below that same point still get through, but are attenuated according to the crossover slope. A "low pass" crossover is just the opposite: the lows pass through, but the highs are attenuated.

active crossover replaces a speaker's passive and internal frequency divider network and is inserted between the preamp and power amp/s. To remove a crossover from the amp/driver interface by placing it before the amp bestows significant advantages. However, the cost for a high-quality active crossover makes this type of setup advisable only for speakers in the upper price strata.

A piezoceramic actuator which is cyclically driven at a constant cycle time between the same two points will perfectly repeat its path every time. However, if the cycle time or either endpoint is changed, hysteresis and creep effects cause non-repeatable motions.

All 'watch beepers' are piezoceramic audio transducers, most battery operated smoke detector alarms, fish finders, some cigarette lighters, many gas grill igniters.

When we set up systems at Crutchfield, we usually start with a low-pass crossover point around 80 Hz. Through trial and error, we've found that higher crossover points tend to emphasize the source of the bass instead of the overall musical experience. In other words, you can tell the bass is coming from a box in the trunk.

First you should drop your CrossOver Mac bundle into the trash and empty it. This may first require you to stop the CrossOver CD Helper as described in the previous entry. User-specific CrossOver files are located in your home folder, under the Library/Application Support/CrossOver hierarchy. Trash that folder and its contents for each user of CrossOver on your system. Then, to be truly comprehensive, remove the preferences files located in Library/Preferences/ called com.codeweavers.CrossOver.

Assuming that we stretch a PSI-5A (1.5" x 2.5" x .0075") sheet to ?500 microstrains quasistatically at a frequency just below its fundamental longitudinal resonance of 15 KHz, and that we collect 100% of the stored electrical energy at its height twice per cycle we would get approximately 9 watts of electrical power from the sheet. The mechanical energy input under these assumptions would be in excess of 100 watts. Resonant designs can be considerably more efficient.

We do not have any spice models. As you probably have guessed, for each new thing the piezo is glued to, a new "AC source" characteristic arises. With so many various applications for piezo, we do not have the resources to comment on application-specific questions.

Outputs from piezoceramics which are 'following' surface vibrations are generally very repeatable and stable. If the sensor is initially calibrated it can be trusted for years of accurate service.

The answer is application dependent. If the square wave voltage is low (i.e., less than 30 V), then the answer is usually yes. If the square wave voltage is higher, there is a good chance for shockwave, damage, cracking, reduced life, or other failures. Careful control of the square wave rise time/fall time is the solution.

No. Fundamentally, magnetic technology is based on a force which arises 'at a distance', without physical contact. Piezo technology is based on physical contact and elastic coupling. On an application by application basis one is usually better than the other. Take solenoid actuators as an example. Piezo actuators can be designed to replace almost any solenoid but they always come out bulkier and often heavier so it is unlikely that full scale replacement will ever occur.

It is a latching system that uses piezo ceramic technology instead of a traditional motor or solenoid. It is used in many applications such as: The key advantage of using piezo technology instead of motors and solenoids is a very low power consumption, up to 6 times less than a motor and 66 times less than a solenoid, providing exceptional battery life.

No. Sorry. I no longer do crossovers. Maybe I'll change my mind in the future, but I think this is better. I can only tolerate so many idiotic emails of, "OMG U KANT RIGHT THT CHARCTER WELL KTHXBYE!!!!!U$UCK!!!" Especially when writing a crossover, the key is to COWRITE the story and let the other cartoonist write their characters, so you DIDN'T write the dialogue of the character in question.

I should point out not everyone approaches me like this - this answer is aimed only at those who do. The rest of you, thanks for the offer - but I prefer to work alone.

Basically, this requires a degree of patience. The subwoofer should be started off at about 100Hz and adjusted until you are happy with the sound. Keep in mind that the higher the crossover point, the more power the driver on the high-pass will be able to handle but raising excessively may cause the low-pass driver to sound raspy or unnatural. The idea here is to first make rough selections to protect the drivers and then to fine tune crossover point selections to achieve optimum fidelity.

No. The crossover point cannot be changed since it depends on the resonant point of the INFRA subwoofer system. The INFRA processors allow altering the hi pass filter frequency by changing plug-in resistors inside the units of the INFRA-M and INFRA-M2. However, this does not change the true crossover point of the system and will, in fact, create either a gap or an overlap in the frequency response of the bi-amplified system depending on the filter frequency chosen.

A32 - Loading and soldering all the required electronic components onto two Phoenix printed circuit boards takes me about 8 hours. It is not difficult to do, but requires attention at every step. I do not sell pre-assembled boards, but I can put you in contact with someone who will load boards. I can check your assembled boards for proper functioning, should you want to have this assurance, in case you lack the necessary equipment to test them yourself.

Active crossovers are more efficient than passive crossovers. A typical "insertion loss" (power loss due to use) of a passive crossover is around 0.5dB. Active crossovers have much lower insertion losses, if they have any loss at all, since the losses can effectively be negated by adjusting the amplifier gain. Also, with some active crossovers, you can continuously vary not only the crossover point, but also the slope.