Annealing is the process used to relive stress in glass during cooling. This is accomplished by maintaining a consistent temperature through the entire body of glass. The glass is held at a temperature just below the temperature at which that specific glass will start to move due to heat. Heat is transmitted very slowly through glass, so the glass has to be held at the annealing temperature anywhere from an hour to days or weeks.

The most computer programs used to design primers will give you the optimal annealing temperature. One easy way is to follow this link: Tech. support links Tm determination You can try 5-10 % DMSO, up tp 10 % glycerol, 1-2 % formamide or combinations of these. Note: The use of co-solvents will lower the optimal annealing temperatures of your primers (e.g. 5.5-6 °C in 10 % DMSO). You could also try 7-deaza-dGTP in conjuction with normal dGTP in order to destabilize difficult structures. See similar questions...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) . HCV PCR tests are a newly developed test that came onto the market in late 1994. HCV PCR tests look for the presence of the virus. Information gained from the HCV PCR can be useful in interpreting unclear antibody test results. The HCV PCR cannot tell how long someone has been infected. Basically, your blood sample is broken up and certain parts are "fed" to E.coli bacteria, which grow real fast. See similar questions...

PCR (or polymerase chain reaction) is a laboratory method for detecting the genetic material of an infectious disease agent in specimens from patients. This type of testing has become an essential tool for detecting infectious disease agents. See similar questions...

PowerTools estimates the pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure from gas gravity for both condensate fluids and miscellaneous reservoir gases. The calculated values for Tc and Pc are corrected for sour gas content with a Wichert-Aziz correction. See similar questions...

If a central plant puts out 20,358,350 BTU's per year, how many tons of air conditioning is it? I believe it is 1,696 tons. However, our landlord is arguing that the total production of chilled water is equal to 1,969,699 tons per year divided by 365 days/year =4,687 tons per day, divided by 14 hrs per day =290 ton/hours. Please advise who is correct and why. Thank you so much for your help in this matter. See similar questions...

CardioChek Lipid Panel Test Strips will automatically calculate LDL values (require CardioChek PA analyzer). If using individual test chemistries with either CardioChek PA or CardioChek analyzers, first test Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides using new, unused test strips. See similar questions...

The timing of ovulation is complex and can take some studying of your body and your cycles to figure out. By using a combination of methods such as studying cervical fluid, taking your body temperature, and tracking your periods, you can calculate your time of ovulation. The American Pregnancy Association encourages women to learn about the fertility awareness method of tracking cycles and then combine that with ovulation predictor kits to best understand when you are ovulating. See similar questions...

When you add selections to your Bet Card, the potential payout for your bet is calculated and displayed for you automatically. If you want to understand how this calculation is made, here is how it works: Sports Interaction displays decimal prices for each outcome in an event. This price includes your bet amount. Your winnings are calculated by simply multiplying your bet amount by the displayed odds. This is the amount you will be paid if the bet wins. See similar questions...

For formulas for the calculation of conductivity, temperature, and pressure from the raw data, see the calibration sheets for your instrument (if you cannot find the calibration sheets, contact us with your instrument serial number at seabird@seabird.com or 425-643-9866). The SEASAVE and SBE Data Processing manuals document the derived variable formulas in an Appendix (Derived Parameter Formulas). The Help files for these programs also document the formulas. See similar questions...

Women experience significant hormonal changes throughout their cycle. With female conception care, the therapist asks you to complete the charts to find out how your hormones are improving each month, and she then uses the charts to know which herbs to choose when adjusting your formula. See similar questions...

The Omron Instant Ear Thermometer is less threatening to a child than a rectal thermometer. It's faster, safer and easier to use than an oral thermometer. Measurements can even be taken while a child is sleeping. For adults, the Omron Instant Ear Thermometer offers fast convenient, accurate readings without the wait of a conventional thermometer. A fever is when the body's temperature is higher than normal due to an infection. The fever is usually caused by a virus or bacteria. See similar questions...

P.C.R. Stands for Polymerase Cell Response/Reaction - This tracks viral DNA in the body - If P.C.R. is negative it means that the virus could not be detected. To learn more see Diagnostic testing below. See similar questions...

DyNAzyme™ DNA Polymerases are capable of adding a 3'-overhang. However, the efficiency at which the extra base is added is sequence-dependent. The extra base is usually A, however, the enzyme can also incorporate other bases or even more than a single base at a sequence-spesific manner. To enhance TA-cloning it may be helpful to include an additional incubation period of 10-30 minutes at 72 °C to the end of cycle protocol. See similar questions...

The 19 SPI detectors need from time to time (twice a year or so) to be heated to about 100oC and then cooled again to their nominal temperature of 85oK (-188oC). This procedure is called SPI annealing and is needed to 'repair' the crystal structure of the 19 Germanium detectors that gets degraded by the space environment (cosmic rays, solar wind, etc.). The full procedure takes about two weeks and the instrument cannot be used during that period. See similar questions...

All interest is calculated based on the daily loan balance. You can therefore save interest by paying early or by paying in advance See similar questions...

Arbitrarily Primed PCR (AP-PCR) or Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are methods of creating genomic fingerprints from species of which little is known about target sequence to be amplified. Strain-specific arrays of DNA fragments (fingerprints) are generated by PCR amplification using arbitrary oligonucleotides to prime DNA synthesis from genomic sites which they fortuitously match or almost match. See similar questions...