The child with Poland syndrome usually is entirely normal except for the problems already noted. Upon rare occasions, Poland's syndrome is associated with more severe finger and arm involvement or spine or kidney problems. Intelligence is rarely, if ever, impaired by Poland syndrome. Anomalies associated with Poland's syndrome are scoliosis, Moebius syndrome, Sprengel's deformity, renal hypoplasia and aplasia, spherocytosis, leukemia, lymphoma, and pectus excavatum or carinatum.

Poland syndrome is a unique pattern of one-sided malformations that are present at birth. Poland syndrome is characterized by a defect of the chest (pectoralis) muscle on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (ipsilateral hand).

Poland syndrome is considered rare by The (US) National Institute of Health Office of Rare Diseases as it affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. It affects 1 child in about 20,000 - 30,000. For reasons that are unclear, Poland's syndrome is 3 times more frequent in boys than girls.

The cause of Poland syndrome is uncertain. The disorder is currently considered "a nonspecific developmental field defect" occurring at about the sixth week of fetal development. According to one report, diminished blood flow through the subclavian artery that goes to the arm has been blamed, but final proof for this idea is lacking.

In patients with Poland's syndrome, the end of the main chest muscle that normally attaches to the breastbone is missing. (This condition is referred to as aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoralis major.) On the same side of the body, nearby chest muscles (the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscles) may also be absent as may be the armpit (axillary) hair. In girls, the breast on that side is also usually absent.

Reconstructive surgery has in the past been the main recourse. Fused fingers are separated as early as possible and breast or chest implants my be used after full physical development has been reached. Today, bioengineered cartilage can be implanted to help give the chest a more normal appearance.

Not necessarily. There are 28 syndromes in which syndactylism can occur. The reported incidence of Poland's syndrome in patients with syndactyly of the hand ranges from 2.5% to 14%. (Hamburg, 2001)

Not necessarily. Pectoral aplasia is the most frequent skeletal muscle deficiency in the general population, but only 13.5% of the people with this defect have Poland's Syndrome. (Flatt, 1994) No, as a rule, Poland's Syndrome occurs sporadically ("out of the blue") and does not run in families. The risk of recurrence of Poland's Syndrome in the family is minute (1%).

We can’t wait to be a part of the growing youth ministry movement in Poland! Josiah Venture does youth ministry in eight eastern European countries by partnering with the local church. Through this partnership we will reach out to Polish youth with the gospel. We will also train youth leaders by doing ministry side by side, and by teaching how to do effective ministry in leadership schools. Finally, we will individually mentor and disciple youth and their leaders.

Our group could not find out why maternal serum hCG was used as an indicator of risk of carrying a Down syndrome baby. In the genetic workshop you were said that 88 out of 89 parents chose abortion in view of the results of Down syndrome screening. But surely this does not take into account the mass of people who chose not to have the first test and then another large amount of people who choose not to have the second test.

Between the 17th and 30th day after conception (or 4 to 6 weeks after the first day of a woman's last menstrual period), the neural tube forms in the embryo (developing baby) and then closes. The neural tube later becomes the baby's spinal cord, spine, brain, and skull. A neural tube defect (NTD) occurs when the neural tube fails to close properly, leaving the developing brain or spinal cord exposed to the amniotic fluid. The two most common neural tube defects are anencephaly and spina bifida.

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There is no reported correlation between babies conceived with medical intervention and birth defects. The risk is no greater than in the normal population.

Birth defects happen before a baby is born. Inherited or genetic factors; things in the environment, such as smoking or drinking alcohol or not getting enough folic acid; and a woman's illness during pregnancy can cause birth defects. Most birth defects happen in the first 3 months of pregnancy, when the organs of the baby are forming. This is the most important stage of development. However, some birth defects happen later in pregnancy.

First of all don't forget to bring your passport. It is good to take some money as well. Not only to pay for a treatment but also to do some shopping in Warsaw. You will find Poland relatively cheap.