Media originally used for growth of mammalian cells were based on biological fluids, such as plasma. This type of media suffered many disadvantages including batch variation and vulnerability to contamination.

A bioreactor allows the growth of human tissues outside of the body that amass and behave like those in the body. Another is the Rotary Cell Culture System, as it provides a gentler environment than a dynamic or static tissue culture system, thereby allowing cells to aggregate, grow 3-dimensionally, and differentiate. The result will be cells or tissues that closely resemble the in vivo tissue equivalent. See similar questions...

Not if you don't want to! The buffer is a completely separate circuit from the loops. You can choose to use the ultra-transparent input buffer, or just patch directly into the first loop. You might want to experiment with which sounds best in your rig. See similar questions...

No. We feel that it is easier for our customers to use our started cultures rather than attempt to start their own. (See next question) Precisely the reason that we don't sell culture supplies. Unless one is extremely careful, wild "common" fruitflies can contaminate the stock, producing all flying fruitflies. The only remedy is to dispose of everything and start over. See similar questions...

Always start with a light or medium formula when you try a new brand. Light/medium/dark varies considerably from product to product. In general, the department store brand dark is heavier than the drugstore brand dark. And don't forget that two applications of a light or medium formula may give you better results than one application of dark. See similar questions...

For a variety of reasons, we use acrylic paint and gesso on paper, wood, and stretched canvas. We've noticed more and more contemporary artists are utilizing acrylics for good reason- they can be used for a wide range of techniques from thin washes like watercolor to layered, thick textures similar to oils. They quickly dry and unlike oils, are low odor and easily thin and clean with water. See similar questions...

Susan and I use mineral spirits to clean our brushes and to thin our paint down a bit for initial washes, but just use the paint straight without any medium for the rest of the painting. The way I get such thick brushwork simply has to do with laying out lots of paint and really loading up my brush. I will even mix up large piles of the various colors I'm using in a painting with my palette knife so I will have plenty of paint to work thickly with. See similar questions...

While this plate provides excellent flatness and clarity for microscopic examination, some cell lines may interact with the adhesive used in production. It is best to pre-test your culture if you plan to incubate them in the SensoPlate for longer than 24 hours. See similar questions...

Yup. I draw it with my trusty blue pencil (69 cents at your local Loomis & Toles) and ink it with a fineliner. For Episodes 2 & 3 I used a kid's watercolour set for shading. Cheap and fairly effective. For Episodes 1 (the revamp) 4 & 5, I scanned the comic unshaded, and shaded it in Painter Classic (a very nice little program I got with my wacom tablet). Later I moved on to Painter 8, which has a much more finished look than PC. See similar questions...

I am able to use a couple of mediums, starting with pencils, inks, markers, acrylics, gouache, watercolour, Colour pencils, sometimes I use pastels, and of course my forte is Digital art, such as Photoshop painted, Vector graphics with Corel or freehand. See similar questions...

No, you should not use a rechargeable battery with your Seiko Cleancut and here's why. The speed of any DC motor is directly related to the voltage of the power supply; the higher the voltage the faster the motor turns. By their nature rechargeable batteries do not have as high a voltage as alkaline batteries. For instance a fresh alkaline "C" cell, which is a 1.5 volt battery, will test out as high as 1.6 volts right out of the package. See similar questions...

Once a stem cell line is established from a cell in the body, it is essentially immortal, no matter how it was derived. That is, the researcher using the line will not have to go through the rigorous procedure necessary to isolate stem cells again. Once established, a cell line can be grown in the laboratory indefinitely and cells may be frozen for storage or distribution to other researchers. See similar questions...

The PilotGEEK system is designed to provide data to your cell phone. If you don’t have one, just use the free system available on your PC. Of course you may reconsider the value of having a cell phone now that the PilotGEEK service is available. See similar questions...

Yes. The Access Control List (ACL) permits three entry types -- foreign_user, foreign_group and foreign_other -- which specify the permissions available to users on other cells. All that is required for intercell access, other than physical connectivity, is for the two cell's security services to be configured to know about each other. There is a command, the rgy_edit "cell" command, that must be run, once, by the cell admin of the two cells that wish to communicate. See similar questions...

All cultures have both traditions of resistance to domestic violence as well as forms of acceptance of it. Culture cannot excuse domestic violence—though abusers may use “culture” as a way to justify their choice to abuse. Unfortunately, relationship abuse is prevalent in all cultures—. Across the world, different cultures may have different responses to domestic violence, and some may hold abusers more accountable than others. See similar questions...

The concern about toxicity here is that the cells can take the particles in via either phagocytosis or endocytosis (two separate cellular mechanisms for taking in particles of various sorts). Once taken in things go into endosomes and these initial membrane bounded vesicles fuse with a lysosome forming a phagolysosome. In these vesicles things get digested by various enzymes. See similar questions...

Virus isolation is considered the best method to detect infection. Virus can be detected when IgM antibodies or IgG titer rise are not detected. Additionally, it provides virus that can be used for sequence studies. Finally, isolation studies are less likely than PCR assays to give false positive results because of contamination. The sequence of the PCR product will confirm positive PCR reactions. See similar questions...