After the prostate is removed it is dyed with ink to clarify certain structures and to allow your pathologist to examine it after surgery. This report is important because it is the summary of an extensive examination of the removed prostate, which at that point can offer insight into the prostate cancer which was unattainable before removal. Your pathologist should include three distinctions in your pathology report: cancer grade, cancer stage, and margin status.

It’s not like the “tiredness” we all experience – the kind that can be overcome by a good night’s sleep. Sleep often won’t help a cancer patient’s fatigue, which, according to the consensus of our panel at the NCCN, has the following characteristics: It’s not proportional to work or exertion – you can do little or nothing at all and feel completely spent.

Greenlight laser procedures do not have a pathology report. Reports are available one week after surgery.

Currently, no missions have flown with a cancer-bearing patient. However, scientists have conducted preliminary studies on the effects of exposure to radiation in space. Since high levels of radiation are known to cause higher-than-normal mutation rates (which can lead to cancer) within a living cell, the levels of cosmic radiation experienced outside of Earth's protective atmosphere will be a large concern in the coming era of longer manned spaceflights.

The radiation does not actually kill the cancer cells outright, but causes damage to the genetic material (DNA) within the cells. If the treated cancer cells were biopsied and viewed through a microscope, they would appear alive and active. The destruction occurs when these injured cells attempt to reproduce by the process of mitosis (cell division). They self-destruct, die, and are eliminated by the normal body mechanism that eliminates dead cells.

The exact cause of prostate cancer is not known, but experts believe that your age and family history (genetics) may have something to do with your chances of getting the disease. Eating a high-fat diet may add to your chances of getting it.2 The prostate usually gets larger as you age. Having an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) is very common among older men and does not increase your chances of developing prostate cancer.

Approximately 60% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. Radiation therapy may be prescribed as the only treatment for the patient, or it may be prescribed in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy.

There is some evidence that thyroid cancer may have spread more by the time it is detected in patients who have had radiation treatment. However, the usual treatment for thyroid cancer is still very effective and survival rates are similar to patients that have not received radiation treatment.

The larynx has three primary biological functions (respiration, protection of the lungs, and thoracic fixation needed when the body exerts a high degree of physical effort). Voice is a non-biological function requiring very fine coordinated movements of the laryngeal muscles.

Not always, however, it is very important to see diagnosticians at major cancer treatment centers. What we believe is important for the cancer patient, is not only to work with a highly knowledgeable, brilliant doctor, but also one who is compassionate and willing to listen to the cancer patient. Moreover, we recommend clients search out the oncologist who is willing to try the unusual, in other words someone who can function as a "gourmet chef of oncology".

Send all correspondence to the attention of the patient to the appropriate hospital address and campus. It is important to always indicate the room number and put the patient's first and last name and on the envelope.

The "current wisdom" is that cancer begins with a single cell having abnormal genetic instructions. Over time, it (or one of its descendant cells) acquires additional injuries. Finally, a cell's abnormal instructions cause it to do abnormal things --- such as dividing too often, or forming a tumor, or migrating from its appropriate location to live and divide elsewhere in the body (metastasis). These cancerous activities are done by living cells, whose abnormalities can be caused by radiation.

Some studies have also examined the possibility of a link between RF and microwave exposure and cancer. Results to date have been inconclusive. While some experimental data have suggested a possible link between exposure and tumor formation in animals exposed under certain specific conditions, the results have not been independently replicated. In fact, other studies have failed to find evidence for a causal link to cancer or any related condition.

We think informed consent is an important principle in medicine (and in every voluntary transaction).

If a patient is being treated for symptom relief or a visible mass, improvement is often seen by the end of treatment. A repeat planning CT is sometimes needed to plan the final phase of treatment. When this shows improvement we let the patient know. In patients treated for prostate cancer the PSA will usually start going down within a few months after treatment.

Research on the relationship, if any, between soy isoflavones and breast cancer has been inconclusive-human studies show no issues. To help you form your own opinion on this topic, we encourage you to review information such as this workshop proceeding.

The bone marrow used for autologous transplantation must be relatively free of cancer cells. The harvested marrow is often treated before transplantation with anticancer drugs in a process known as "purging" to get rid of cancer cells. This minimizes the chance of cancer coming back due to transplanting bone marrow that contains undetected cancer cells.

The evidence is strong. The earliest experimental evidence that UV-B radiation causes skin cancer was acquired with animals; in humans there was a clear association between sun exposure and skin cancer, but that did not point specifically to UV-B. In recent years the advancement of molecular biology has provided us with analyses that produce direct evidence that genetic alterations found in human skin carcinomas are indeed caused by UV-B radiation.