Field of view and effective magnifications. Wide-angle cameras have a large field of view (about 6 times larger than that of film), but have an effective magnification of 20-30% of that of film. On the other hand, a bottom mount camera has a field of view of only 10%, but effective magnification of about 130-150% of that of film.

It is common to observe mismatch in montage images acquired from a wide-angle CCD camera. The mismatch comes from the common distortions in a TEM column when large-field-of-view images are acquired. Such distortions increase rapidly as the third power to the radial distance. Typically the distortion is less than 1% at the edge of the film. Since the Gatan wide-angle CCD camera has a field of view much larger than film (6 times more), it is inevitable to observe distortions from the TEM.

Yes, absolutely. However, mismatch may be observed in montage images acquired from wide-angle cameras, i.e. MS600W and MS600CW. No. Gatan does not offer any sort of upgrade. The hardware components have changed so much in the past, it is almost impossible to upgrade them to the current platform. Gatan recommends a trade-in option for the SSC cameras.

Yes and no. Polaroid never offered such an accessory, but there were a few third-party supplementary tele/wide lens sets sold under various importer names such as Kalimar/Kaligar or GoldCrest.

The main difference is the CCD sensor. MultiScan uses a traditional CCD sensor called a full-frame CCD. It is necessary to use a beam shutter during data readout. DualVision uses a CCD operating at a higher speed that eliminates the need for a shutter. Furthermore, DualVision cameras do not need cooling water connection, which makes the installation simpler.

The main difference is that MultiScan cameras do not have video output. Only digital data is available from MultiScan cameras.

Yes. The CCD has shown advantages in sensitivity, linearity, superior dynamic range, and with no image distortion. The main disadvantage for CCD is the lack of image pixels (film has 20-30 million pixels while 1k x 1k CCD only has 1 million pixels). However via DigitalMontage, one can obtain digital images larger than the film size. Therefore, in the general sense, MultiScan cameras can replace film.

That is normal for the heli to hover crooked. The full size ones do it too. Watch when they lift off and you will see one skid lift before the other. You may not have noticed it before either because of wind counteracting the lean or you were paying attention to flying. You probably noticed it now because your senses were heightened on the first flight after a near crash. Normally people don't notice this because they have grown so use to it while they were learning to hover.

For MS600W and MS600CW: TEM AutoTune and DigitalMontage. For MS600HP: TEM Tune, HREM AutoTune, DigitalMontage, HoloWorks, DIFPACK.

The SD10's new Foveon X3® direct image sensor utilizes Microlenses for improved sensitivity and has a thinner grip that serves as a convenient means of carrying the camera. SD10 camera also has enhanced AF performance. SD10 camera has two ISO modes "Default Setting" and "Extended Mode". ISO can be set from ISO 100 to 800 in "Default Setting" and take long exposures of up to 15 seconds at ISO 100.

Window ventilation and convection hoods are passive-the warm fumes rise, and hopefully, are diluted or escape. This requires very large volumes of fresh air, which is costly in the winter. Collection hoods with electric fans do a better job of removing fumes, but fumes still enter the room air before they are collected. There is usually still a significant odor. External hoods do not help internal kiln performance.

It depends. If you can focus properly without AF in the 17-24mm range (the difficulty of which is not to be underestimated), the Contax, Nikon and Leica zooms all offer something more than the Canon L can deliver. If we consider resolution, the Nikon is better than the Canon from f5.6 to f16, but the Canon L is better from f2.8 to f4. All require stopping down to f8 for critically sharp corners. The Nikon is sharper than the Canon from 17-25mm; the Canon is at least as good from 26-35mm.

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This is the size of a camera sensor's active area. The smaller the dimension, the more "work" the camera will have to do to present a monitor sized picture. A 1/4" CCD will have to magnify the image more to show the image on the monitor. A 1/3" CCD will need less magnification to show the image on the monitor. A 1/3" CCD will cost more and have a better image. Both types are adequate for reaview systems.

MultiScan is the Gatan family of cameras formerly referred to as "794 MSC". The name changed because of Gatan's wish to classify its CCD cameras on a consistent basis. The chosen criterion is the effective CCD area since the resolution of a CCD camera is not only determined by the total numbers of CCD pixels, but also the size of each CCD pixel. So the CCD area is a natural measure for ranking the camera resolution. The CCD area is normalized to "squared millimeter".

SlowScan (SSC) cameras are the first generation CCD cameras that Gatan made. The main difference is that (1) the image data from the MultiScan cameras can be read out at different speeds; and (2) Anti-blooming (beneficial to recording electron diffraction pattern).

fiber-optical coupling (good for both resolution and sensitivity); (2) Choice of YAG scintillator for MS600CW and MS600HP.

HEROES III is like HEROES II, however, it has been greatly enhanced and numerous new elements have been added. More monsters and hero types, more town types, bigger battlefield (15x11 hexes as opposed to 11x9 in HEROES II), more spells, 128 artifacts, 28 secondary skills, etc. Each hero will now have a paper-doll artifact equipment screen, so only 1 weapon, 1 shield, 1 armor, etc can now be equipped. This will counterbalance the 'make a single superhero' strategy.