Sophisticated modern measurement techniques have confirmed that Ötzi lived between 3350 and 3100 BC. Stonehenge had not yet been built in England. The pyramids of Giza would not be constructed for a further 600 years. In Europe the Copper Age was dawning. The country was thinly populated, with forests and marshes dominating the landscape. Human settlements were scattered like islands linked by paths.

Ouml;tzi´s equipment included two birch-bark vessels, one of which he used to carry embers. He wrapped pieces of charcoal in freshly picked maple leaves, which grow in the region between June and September. Hop-hornbeam pollen was found in his gut. Pollen grains are ingested indirectly with the food we eat and the air we breathe. The hop-hornbeam flowers in June. Thus Ötzi must have died in early summer. Ouml;tzi was well equipped for survival in the high mountains. See similar questions...

Ouml;tzi is a modern human, a homo sapiens sapiens. Dressed in modern attire, he wouldn´t look out of place in a modern setting. He was about 1.60 m tall (5´ 3"), had size 38 feet and weighed around 50 kg - average statistics in the Copper Age. Today, however, the mummy weights only 13 kg and has shrunken to 1.54 m. Ötzi had blue eyes. He had shoulder-length dark brown hair which he wore loose. When he smiled, he revealed a large gap between his upper incisors. See similar questions...

quot;This dried-out, gruesome looking corpse must be made more loveable to make a good story," wrote the Viennese journalist Karl Wendl. In his newspaper report he dubbed the mummy Ötzi, from the Ötztal Alps where he was found. Soon the nickname was known around the world. Officially and in scientific papers the glacier mummy is known as the Iceman. See similar questions...

The period in which Ötzi lived was determined by radiocarbon dating. The atmosphere contains the radioactive carbon isotope C14, which finds its way into animals and people via photosynthesis and the food chain. When we die, the supply of C14 is halted, and the C14 in our bodies undergoes radioactive decay - but only very slowly and at a precise rate. The amount remaining can be measured. For example, half of the original amount remains after 5730 years. See similar questions...

The body was preserved thanks to a chain of extraordinary coincidences. Ötzi died high up in the eternally cold glacier region, where he remained lying in a protective gully. The mummification process began. When winter set in, Ötzi was covered by a layer of snow and he remained deep-frozen. Over the course of centuries the glacial ice continued to flow above him, but he remained protected, because the gully ran at right angles to the flow of the glacier. See similar questions...

Chris has a younger brother and a sister, Amy and Daniel. Before his mother Sheila moved out, Chris, his parents, his maternal grandmother, and his two siblings all lived together in their trailer, but Chris sometimes slept in an adjacent small trailer they kept on their property. After Sheila moved out, Amy and Daniel stayed with Chris and his father and grandmother. But later, when Sheila left Kentucky, Amy and Daniel went with her. See similar questions...

According to Bruce Lincoln, "At present, the majority opinion among scholars probably inclines toward the end of the second millennium or the beginning of the first, although there are still those who hold for a date in the seventh century." (Death, War, and Sacrifice, 1991, pg 150) Humbach and Ichaporia seem to favor the Xanthos date of 1080 BC but mention the 630 date also. (Heritage, 1994, pg 11). A commonly given date is the seventh century B.C.E. See similar questions...

No. Not even close. The last dinosaurs to roam the earth, including the area that became Texas, became extinct about 66 million years ago. The earliest humans may not have arrived in this area of North America until shortly before 13,500 years ago (11,500 B.C.). Some scientists think humans probably arrived by 15,000 years ago or maybe even as much as 20,000 years ago. This still leaves quite a gap! See similar questions...

Most people picture tipis when they think about Indian homes. Tipis have been around a long time; stone circles dating back several thousand years have been found at various sites on the Plains. Paleoindian peoples, living near the end of the ice age, did not appear to have used tipis. Traces have been found of posts which probably anchored tent frames or similar structures. Caves and rockshelters were also used as homes by various peoples in the past. See similar questions...

Amazingly, through the Internet. After posting a query on a Lancaster County message board, I got a response from a lovely Mennonite woman, with whom I struck up a research relationship. After many email queries, she suggested I come visit the area and volunteered to find me some Amish friends to stay with. I was there for a week, milking at 4:30 AM and participating in the morning Bible study, as well as helping out with the cooking of meals. See similar questions...

The answer to this question is a complicated one. The short answer is that your home was available for entry. (We do recommend that people take steps to prevent animal damage problems. For information on what those steps are please click Animal damage prevention checklist). Typically, people think that animals are in their homes because human development took away theirs. While this is certainly true, it is not completely true. See similar questions...

The Las Vegas oasis was first noticed in 1829 by Spanish explorers. They named this valley "Las Vegas" which means "the meadows." Mormon settlers arrived shortly thereafter and made this area home. The town itself was founded in 1905 but did not begin its incredible growth spurt until Nevada legalized gambling in 1931. Since that time Nevada has been one of the fastest growing states in the Union. At over 1. See similar questions...

Door alignments suggest rooms were connected into "suites" of three to ten rooms. Perhaps each was home to a family, but we cannot be certain. Many firepits were found in rooms closest to the plaza, suggesting food preparation took place there. Backrooms were likely used as storage. See similar questions...

They realized that their lives were not as converted as they wished. Many had major conversions, some from very sinful lives. All wanted to surrender themselves in every way to God. They hungered for holiness. They wanted ways to atone for past sins. They saw the Rule as a means to those ends. The purpose of the Rule is never to "do what it says" as an end in itself but to "do what it says" as a discipline, a penance, that enables the penitent to "do what HE says. See similar questions...

The keepers and their families lived in the 1876 two-story brick building which was a duplex. The keepers house is now a museum. See similar questions...

A10 : I used to live on Douglas road near Buffery park. Before that we lived on Victoria terrace, just up from Wellington road -its not there any more. See similar questions...

We know that both the winter and summer kitchens also served as living quarters for some of the enslaved, but the majority of the slaves lived in cabins somewhere beyond the rear of the house. The exact location is unknown. See similar questions...