Factor XI deficient dogs may not excessively bleed at each surgery or after each trauma. However, they are at increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the veterinary surgeon's utmost attention to hemostasis is important. Furthermore, fresh frozen plasma or cryopoor plasma could be used in severe cases of hemorrhage or preventatively when delicate neuron or other surgery is performed and any bleeding is undesirable and difficult to control.

Many of the patients we care for have come to us to prevent spinal surgery. We also have many patients who have already had surgery, but still have their original symptoms, or new ones. We are not opposed to surgery when necessary, but many times it can be avoided by correcting the spinal misalignment. Our procedure is safe even if you have had laminectomies, fused vertebrae, or disc removal. We have a very conservative approach to spine and spine-related problems.

Hip replacement is one of the most successful orthopaedic surgeries performed -more than 90 percent of people who have hip replacement surgery will never need revision surgery. However, because more younger people are having hip replacements, and wearing away of the joint surface becomes a problem after 15 to 20 years, revision surgery is becoming more common.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining in the sinuses can cause swelling and narrowing of the sinus opening, thereby blocking the flow of mucus. If antibiotics, decongestants, nasal sprays and other therapies prescribed by your doctor are not effective, sinus surgery is often needed to correct the problem.

Cataract surgery is an elective procedure, and whether it is performed depends upon each individual owner and animal. Surgery should not be performed on eyes with negative ERG's or with extensive scars and adhesions inside the eye. Some patients are poorer anesthetic risks than others, and some have poorer chances for success due to concurrent medical problems (diabetes, etc.).

Orbital surgery is needed to reconstruct or repair damage to the bony cavity around the eye caused by disease or trauma. Serious, advanced cases of Grave's Disease can cause a person's eyes to protrude to the point of vision loss. Orbital decompression, or the removal of bone tissue between the eye socket and sinuses may help. Sometimes a diseased or traumatized eye has to be removed.

First, remember that PRA – Progressive Retinal Atrophy – is a broad category of disease that includes several types of retinal degenerative disease. One of these is prcd – progressive rod-cone degeneration. Prcd-PRA is the predominant type - by far - in many breeds currently being OptiGen tested. The OptiGen prcd-PRA mutation test detects only the prcd form of PRA and none other. Other specific forms of inherited PRA are detected in various breeds.

Many factor XI deficient dogs remain asymptomatic just like people with this disorder. There is no risk for spontaneous bleeding but rather induced by trauma, surgery, or illness. Dogs may show signs of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and particularly prolonged post-traumatic and surgical bleeding. They typically may not bleed until 1-3 days post-surgery. It would be helpful to know of any bleeding problems in any KBT tested in order to further define the bleeding risk.

Don't panic. Your dog is in a little pain but the prognosis is good - your dog will live! You've cut into the quick, the blood-filled tissue in your dog's nail. To stop the bleeding take a pinch of styptic powder and press it against the bleeding toenail. Now give your dog lots of treats. The nail should stop bleeding in about 5-10 minutes. Try not to baby your dog too much. You don't want to bring a lot of unnecessary attention to the injured nail.

The affected dog carries two copies of the disease gene. These dogs have a potential to bleed given the right circumstance and will always pass on the disease gene (mutation) to their progeny. However if mated to a clear dog it will only produce carriers and that is one step away from the problem; also it may find it difficult to get insurance on affected animals please check with the insurers.

NO! OptiGen test results are meant to be used in a responsible breeding program. This does not mean that carrier or affected dogs should never be bred. It does mean that carrier and affected dogs with other desirable traits can be bred, but only to a certified, genetically “Normal/Clear" dog in order to prevent the genetic disease. We can't make specific recommendations about how people should handle their dogs.

Routine blood thinning medications are given after surgery, which include aspirin, Persantine (dipyridamole), and dextran. Dextran is given for 3 days while in the hospital. The aspirin and Persantine are given for 6 weeks. Pain medication will be given for use after surgery and will be discussed before discharge from the hospital. A dentist may ask if your orthopaedic surgeon instructed you to take antibiotics before dental work.

Surgery is recommended when a patient's pain doesn't respond to conservative treatment or if they have neurological deficits. Surgery is considered when nonsurgical therapy fails to adequately control the symptoms of pain, weakness or nerve dysfunction. The need for emergent spinal surgery exists but is infrequent. Emergency surgery may be indicated if there are progressive or severe neurologic deficits or bowel or bladder difficulties.

Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a person eats, sleeps, thinks, and feels. There are many reasons people with morbid obesity may experience depression. Emotional health goes hand in hand with physical health. Lifestyle improvements and renewed health can help resolve depression. Weight loss, combined with counseling, can be very helpful in improving mental health.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis. Known as the wear-and-tear kind of arthritis, osteoarthritis is a chronic condition in which there is a breakdown of joint cartilage. For anyone who is living with morbid obesity, the excess body weight placed on joints, particularly knees and hips, results in rapid wear and tear, and pain caused by inflammation.

Most dogs start using the leg again around 2 weeks postoperative. Some of the simple exercises you should start doing include: "Sit to stand", hip balancing, 60-90 flexion & extension, and cavelleti work. Under no circumstances, should you allow your dog to run fee on a leash until your doctor tells you it is ok. See the rehab-section on the TTA website for more details.

If you have just started flossing you may find your gums bleed a little at first. If the bleeding persists or is accompanied by pain or swelling, visit your dentist/oral hygienist immediately for a professional scale and polish. Using GUM® Paroex Alhohol-Free Mouthrinse mouthwash with anti-bacterial agents will also help.

There is a 25% chance the puppy will be affected, a 50% chance that the dog will be carrier of the disease but be normal, and a 25% chance that the dog will not be a carrier of the disease and will be normal.

Normally, dogs that suffer these types of injuries adjust to the fact that they do not have use of their rear legs. Dog owners who reestablish old routines, or modify old routines, report having an easier time dealing with their dogs. Sometimes this can be difficult. For instance, owners have reported that they had to move their dog's bed to a different area. This is upsetting to the dog at first, but they eventually adjust and things settle down.

Crohn's disease can be helped by surgery, but it cannot be cured by surgery. Physicians use the phrases "minimalist surgery" and "surgery avoidance" when discussing surgical options for CD. This is because new Crohn's lesions can appear after previously diseased areas have been removed and even diseased tissue may be functionally useful. Many surgeons also feel that "surgery in Crohn's patients just leads to more surgery".