Breast reconstruction is surgery that recreates the breast after mastectomy. There are two main types of breast reconstruction available to most women after mastectomy: breast implants with saline or silicone, or muscle flap reconstruction. With implants, the implant is inserted underneath the skin and chest muscle. Muscle flap reconstruction involves using a woman's own tissue to rebuild a breast contour. Tissue may be taken from the back, stomach or buttocks.

Reconstruction is the name given to pieces or parts of posters that need to be "recreated". These parts have either been lost or damaged beyond use. It takes extensive knowledge and ability to be able to execute these faithfully and convincingly. Since large posters where printed in sections. This site contains Flash files. If you need the Flash Player, download it for free by clicking on the icon below.

The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of four major ligaments in the knee that provide stability to the joint. When a patient sustains a tear to the ACL, a sensation of instability, or giving out, may develop in the injured knee. In order to restore stability to the knee, your doctor may recommend an ACL reconstruction to insert a new ligament in the place of the damaged ACL.

Generally speaking, breast reconstruction can be performed using the body's own tissue (autologous reconstruction), breast implants (implant-based reconstruction), or a combination of the two. Which type is best depends upon the availability of tissue for reconstruction as well as the body shape of the patient. While Dr.

The benefits of saline-filled breast implants in the R95 Study were assessed by a variety of outcomes, including patient satisfaction, body image, body esteem, and self concept. These outcomes were assessed for patients with both original and replacement saline devices before implantation and at 3 years after surgery, except for satisfaction which was measured at every follow-up visit through 5 years.

Pelvic Reconstruction is a surgical procedure to repair prolapse and relieve its symptoms. It's often performed vaginally, and it involves the use of an implant to reinforce the strength of your weakened tissues. It's a safe and effective procedure, and is highly successful in correcting the problems associated with prolapse, and in helping restore a better quality of life.

This is not conclusively proven, although evidence from studies in which the different types of reconstructions are compared generally favours the patella tendon technique. A recent randomised control trial in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found the patellar tendon technique to result in a more stable knee.

The site of graft tissue taken can give rise to symptoms, either in the patella tendon or hamstrings, although these are generally more significant with the patella tendon. Side effects such as pain on kneeling and squatting appear to be more common with the patella tendon technique. A basketball player, who was prone to patellar tendonitis, might be better advised to have a hamstring tendon reconstruction, for example.

Early surgical intervention to repair a torn ACL is not recommended in the vast majority of cases, and physiotherapy for at least four to six weeks is almost always recommended first in the amateur sportsperson. This approach has the advantage of allowing any other associated injuries to settle, and any inflammation to subside. Taking time to have physiotherapy also gives the patient and physiotherapist the opportunity to assess whether they feel there is a genuine need for reconstruction.

Compared with surgery for meniscal tears, ACL reconstruction is a much more involved procedure as it involves taking a tendon graft as indicated (usually the hamstring) from another part of the leg and using this to substitute the broken ligament. The time taken to recover from this type of surgery is much longer than for meniscal tears, and it may take up to nine months before you are able to undertake full sporting activities again.

Most ACL reconstruction surgeries are done using a single-bundle reconstruction. A single-bundle ACL reconstruction uses a tendon graft to replace the torn ACL. Unfortunately, ACL tears cannot be repaired, or sewn together, and a graft must be used to reconstruct the ligament. When the ACL is reconstructed, the graft is placed in the position of the anteromedial bundle. Grafts are held in place by making a hole in the bone called a tunnel. One tunnel is made in the femur and one in the tibia.

Instead of placing just one larger graft, the double-bundle ACL reconstruction procedure uses two smaller grafts. Therefore, there are essentially two ligament reconstructions, one for each bundle. The double-bundle procedure requires two additional bone tunnels to accommodate a second graft, and one additional incision. Studies have demonstrated some advantages of the double-bundle ACL reconstruction.

This is a new procedure, and as is the case with any new procedure, the long-term results are not well understood. It is possible that this procedure will be an improvement on the standard single-bundle ACL reconstructions, but it is also possible that these patients may have the same, or even worse, long-term results. No one really knows just yet. The double-bundle is technically more demanding of a procedure, and there are fewer surgeons with experience in this surgical technique.

It is not clear that the double-bundle ACL reconstruction is a better procedure, but some patients are willing to try a new procedure in an effort to possibly improve their long-term result. Standard single-bundle ACL reconstructions have excellent results, with about 90% of patients able to return to activities at their pre-injury level. However, the results are not 100%, and some patients have persistent instability after ACL reconstructions, and may develop problems later in life.

A graft is the tissue we will use to give you a new ACL. The choices available break down into two large categories. Autograft, your own tissue; or allograft, cadaveric tissue. If you elect to utilize your own tissue, the three grafts available are bone-patella tendon-bone grafts, quadriceps tendon grafts, and hamstring grafts. There are many different allografts available to reconstruct the ACL.

Different women experience different types of prolapse. For some, pelvic reconstruction might not be the right treatment-for example, since pregnancy and vaginal childbirth can cause a recurrence of the prolapse after surgical repair, it's usually best to wait until childbearing is complete before surgically correcting your prolapse.

Quite simply, pelvic reconstruction can relieve the bothersome-and often devastating-symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, and can help restore a better quality of life for you. Sexual intimacy can resume without pain; continence may be restored; and regular bowel habits may return.

One of the main priorities after ACL reconstruction is to regain the knee range of motion. This along with establishing a good strengthening program is usually best done two to three times per week for the first four to six weeks. Because many insurance policies will not cover this many visits to the therapist, an independent home program may need to be instructed earlier. Compliance in performing the exercises in and out of the clinic is the key.