One of the strongest pieces of evidence for human-induced climate change is the consistent rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) in modern times, as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, where CO2 has been observed since 1958. As of 2005, the concentration of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere was about 378 parts per million (ppm).

Green-e Climate is primarily aimed at emission reductions from the six primary greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride (CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) that are included under the Kyoto Protocol. Green-e Climate only verifies and certifies offsets comprising GHG emission reductions already verified and certified according to an Endorsed Program's protocols.

If we start with 1000 cubic feet of natural gas (and assuming it is pure methane or CH4) at STP (standard temperature and pressure, i.e., temperature of 273&#176K = 0&#176C = 32&#176F and pressure of 1 atm = 14.7 psia = 760 torr), and burn it completely, here's what we come up with: Since 1 mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L at STP, 28316.85 L of CH4 contains 28316.85/22.4 = 1264.145 moles of CH4 (each mole of CH4 = approx. 16 g) One mole of CO2 has a mass of approx. 44 g, so 1264.

Various types of pumps can be used for supercritical fluid applications. For medium to large volume processes, a pneumatic booster pump is most often used. A diaphragm pushes against a piston to compress the liquid carbon dioxide to a set pressure point. The air that drives the pump increases the liquid carbon dioxide pressure (boosts) in a ratio of about 100 to 1. So for every 1 psi of air delivered to the pump, the carbon dioxide pressure is boosted by 100 psi. (i.e. Air at 50 psi.

A 1,300-kilowatt mill generates the electric energy consumed during the course of a year by one thousand homes, which is he equivalent to saving two thousand barrels of oil and avoiding emitting three thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide. The power installed in Galicia by 2010 is estimated at 6,500 MW, which means an annual saving of 28.4 million barrels of petrol and, 715 million Euro for the Spanish economy.

Only so much carbon dioxide can be absorbed by vegetation. The rest generally ends up in one of two places -- the atmosphere or the oceans. In the atmosphere it contributes to the greenhouse effect described above. In our oceans, it reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. Thus not only does increasing our carbon dioxide levels affect the atmosphere, it also affects global water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

Carbon dioxide, when added to water for carbonation, is not harmful upon ingestion. Like other food ingredients, carbon dioxide has been reviewed by regulatory authorities worldwide and its safety has been confirmed. Carbonation has no documented effects on the gastrointestinal tract or on general health. There is a small amount of edible acid present in many foods, including fruit juices, buttermilk, and soft drinks.

Sequestration rates are based on scientific research conducted by third party experts Winrock International, Environmental Synergy, Inc. and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and vary depending on species of tree and geographic location. Go Zero calculations assume average sequestration rates per acre of land reforested and always include appropriate tree survival assumptions.

Yes.Therapeutic laser treatment with carbon dioxide lasers has become more and more popular. This does not require instruments expressly designed for that purpose. Practically any carbon dioxide laser can be used as long as the beam can be spread out over an appropriate area, and as long as the power can be regulated to avoid burning. This can always be achieved with an additional lens of germanium or zinc selenide, if it cannot be done with the standard accessories accompanying the apparatus.

Supercritical fluid extraction has emerged as an attractive separation technique for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to a growing demand for "natural" processes that do not introduce any residual organic chemicals. Supercritical carbon dioxide is by far the most commonly used supercritical fluid.

Oil production totaled 42,692 barrels from 18 producing wells in 2007, down from 54,807 barrels from 20 wells in 2006. Gas production totaled 650 million cubic feet from 7 producing gas wells, up from 608 million cubic feet from 7 wells in 2006. No CO2 was produced in 2007. There was one active disposal well and 23 shut-in wells at yearend including 20 oil, 1 gas, 1 CO2, and 2 disposal wells.

Natural gas is primarily methane, which is a major greenhouse gas. Methane is emitted directly to the atmosphere from sources such as leaks in natural gas wells and pipelines and is produced in landfills, sewage treatment facilities and livestock operations. Other major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides are produced when natural gas is burned for heating and electric power production.

In 2001, Australia produced 528.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent -- this was mainly carbon dioxide (69.9%) as well as methane (22.9%), nitrous oxide (6.3%) and other gases. Of Australia's total net emissions in 2001, the production of energy accounted for 68.0%, 19.5% came from agriculture, emissions from industrial processes contributed 4.6%, and waste emissions contributed 3.1%.

Today, the cement industry accounts for less than 1.5 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, well below other sources such as electric generation plants for heating and cooling (33 percent), transportation (27 percent), and industrial operations (19 percent).

OK, this isn't really frequently asked, but it should be. Only the methanol used in making biodiesel comes from fossil fuels, so typical B100 produces a little over a pound of fossil CO 2 per gallon. Petrodiesel and gasoline produce 20-22 pounds of fossil CO 2 per gallon.

By 2020, the industry aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10 percent below the 1990 baseline levels. To achieve this goal, the cement industry has adopted a three-part strategy: Improve product formulation to reduce energy of production and minimizes the use of natural resources Conduct research and develop new applications for cement and concrete that improve energy efficiency and durability

The greenhouse gas estimates presented here are full fuel-cycle estimates, combining the three major greenhouse gases emitted by motor vehicles: Full fuel-cycle estimates include all steps in the use of a fuel, from production and refining to distribution and final use. This gives a more complete picture of the climate change impacts of using a particular fuel. Some greenhouse gases have greater impacts on climate than others.