Abstract methods are usually declared where two or more subclasses are expected to fulfil a similar role in different ways. Often the subclasses are required to the fulfil an interface, so the abstract superclass might provide several of the interface methods, but leave the subclasses to implement their own variations of the abstract methods. Abstract classes can be thought of as part-complete templates that make it easier to write a series of subclasses.

Class methods are methods which are declared as static. The method can be called without creating an instance of the class. Class methods can only operate...

A - Concrete can be placed using any one of several methods: concrete pump, conveyer belt, crane and bucket or by a chute directly from the truck. A boom pump is far and away the easiest method using a 3" or 2.5" reducer in the hose to reduce the concrete velocity.

The subclass need to implement all abstract method to become usable non-abstract class. public abstract void saySomething(); // must have no body here!

instance method is a procedure associated with a specific object and called as a subcommand of the object's command. It is given free access to all of the object's type variables, instance variables, and so forth.

abstract class cannot be instantiated. Only its subclasses can be instantiated. You indicate that a class is abstract with the abstract keyword like this: Abstract classes may contain abstract methods. A method declared abstract is not actually implemented in Abstract methods may only be included in abstract classes. However, an abstract class is not required to have any abstract methods, though most of them do.

If method A needs to call method B on the same object, it does so just as a client does: it calls method B as a subcommand of the object itself, using the object name stored in the implicit argument self. snit::type dog { method bark {} { return "$self barks." } method chase {thing} { return "$self chases $thing. [$self bark]" } } ::dog % dog spot ::spot % spot bark ::spot barks. % spot chase cat ::spot chases cat. ::spot barks. %

Concrete can be placed using any one of several methods: concrete pump, conveyer belt, crane and bucket or by a chute directly from the truck. A boom pump is far and away the easiest method using a 3" or 2.5" reducer in the hose to reduce the concrete velocity. Question: What kind of vibrator should be used? An electric vibrator with a 1-inch to 1.25 inch head and a 12-14 foot shaft.

Yes, you can. However, that is the subclass it self's choice. Outsider does not have this choice. You can see it clearly from the following example. class Sup { void m1() { System.out.println("m1 in super"); } } class Sub extends Sup{ void m1() { super.m1(); System.out.println("m1 in sub"); } } public class T{ public static void main(String arg[]) { new Sub().m1(); } }

Ans. Class instance variables are similar to class variables, except that they are created for eachsubclass of the defining class. When a class declares a class instance variable, a new variable is created for each subclass of that class. Each subclass then has its own instance of the variable and retains its own value for the variable, but each subclass has a variable with the same name.

Instance methods are defined in the type definition using the method statement. Consider the following code that might be used to add dogs to a computer simulation: snit::type dog { method bark {} { return "$self barks." } method chase {thing} { return "$self chases $thing." } } ::dog % The method statement looks just like a normal Tcl proc, except that it appears in a snit::type definition.

The method name becomes a subcommand of the object. For example, let's put a simulated dog through its paces:

Not really, so long as you avoid the standard instance method names: configure, configurelist, cget, destroy, and info.

It's often useful to define private methods, that is, instance methods intended to be called only by other methods of the same object. Snit doesn't implement any access control on instance methods, so all methods are de facto public. Conventionally, though, the names of public methods begin with a lower-case letter, and the names of private methods begin with an upper-case letter. For example, suppose our simulated dogs only bark in response to other stimuli; they never bark just for fun.

Method argument lists are defined just like normal Tcl proc argument lists; in particular, they can include arguments with default values and the args argument. However, every method also has a number of implicit arguments provided by Snit in addition to those explicitly defined. The names of these implicit arguments may not used to name explicit arguments.

Suppose in my application I have a dog object named fido, and I want fido to bark when a Tk button called .bark is pressed. In this case, I create the callback command in the usual way, using list: In typical Tcl style, we use a callback to hook two independent components together. But suppose that the dog object has a graphical interface and owns the button itself? In this case, the dog must pass one of its own instance methods to the button it owns.

No, not quite. An abstract class in C++ cannot be instantiated, but it can (and often does) contain implementation code and/or data members. A C# interface cannot contain any implementation code or data members - it is simply a group of method names & signatures. A C# interface is more like a COM interface than a C++ abstract class.

Latest Answer: hi, Diff b/w abstract class and interface are.. Abstract class can have concrete me... Latest Answer: See the base class(super class) of all classes is Object class.Other wise when u creat a class ,and ...

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