The term "incidence" refers to the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease occurring in a specific population during a specific time period. The incidence rate is the number of newly diagnosed cases in a specific population during a specific time period per "x" number of people; usually the time period is one year and "x" number of people is 100,000. Such an incidence rate is "crude", is not age adjusted (see #11 below) and therefore cannot be used to compare different populations.

Texas Cancer Information expects to add incidence data in the fall of 2007. There is currently limited incidence and survival data available in the on-line publication of Texas Cancer Facts & Figures 2004 , a publication made possible through the collaborative efforts of the American Cancer Society, Texas Division, Inc.

Studies suggest the prevalence is somewhere between 1 in 200 - 500. In recent years there has been a large increase in the number of children diagnosed with ASD, particularly those in the high functioning category. This is probably due to a broadening of the criteria for diagnosis, and better diagnostics methods enabling detection at a very young age.

The prevalance of preschool children stuttering is about 2.5%, that is, about 1 in 40 young children now stutter. The incidence is about 5%, or 1 in 20 children stutter at some point in childhood. About 1% of adults stutter. 0.73%, or about one in 135 adults, was the figure found in a recent study. Studies in years past claimed that some countries had higher or lower rates of stuttering, or that some cultures had no stutterers at all.

The incidence of Down's Syndrome has been variously reported as 1 in 800 live births to 1 in 1,100 live births. A recent estimate in the United States puts the incidence at about 1 in 1,000.

Incidence in general population is 1 in 600 to 800 live births but the incidence among all conspectuses is more than double this frequency because more than half are spontaneously aborted during early pregnancy. The outlook towards the mentally challenged has undergone tremendous modifications from time to time. The "Eugenics Scare" leads to a massive residential institution construction programme. Many of those institutionalized were persons with Down syndrome.

According to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, the average TBI incidence rate (including both hospitalization and mortality rate) is 95 per 100,000 people. Each year over 80,000 Americans survive a hospitalization for traumatic brain injury, but are released with TBI-related disabilities. Approximately 5.3 million Americans today live with a TBI-related disability.

age-specific incidence rate is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease in a specific age group in a particular population over a specified time period per "x" number of people in that age group. Typically, five-year age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, etc.) are used. The time period is usually one year and the "x" number of people in the specific age group is usually 100,000.

age-adjusted rate is different from a crude rate in that the incidence rate is modified to take into account how the age distribution of the population of interest varies from a conventionally-used "standard population". It is important that the same standard population be used so that age-adjusted rates can be compared to each other. The U.S. 1970 population has been used as a standard for many years, and the U.S. 2000 population will soon be used as the standard.

Undoubtedly, women still hold the majority of keyboarding jobs since the computer revolution. Unfortunately, most of their chairs, tables, and other ergonomically important accessories are scaled to antiquated male proportions. More importantly, regardless of the worker's gender, even the most healthy work habits can be overcome by poor ergonomics. The quality of workstation ergonomics is also inevitably linked to office economics.

Stammering is said to affect approximately 1% of the global population and occurs uniformly regardless of race, culture, education or socio-economic status. Stammering is predominantly a 'male' condition and 80% of all persons who stammer are male. It is usually known to affect the first-born male child.

This and other statistical information regarding TB may be obtained by calling the Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment, TB Epidemiology Division, at 303-692-2638.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease of the brain in cattle. It was first diagnosed in the UK in 1986. It reached epidemic proportions due to the inclusion in cattle feed of meat and bone meal produced from animal carcasses. Up to 28 February 2001, there have been 180,903 cases in the UK and 1,924 cases elsewhere in the European Union.

The number of younger women getting breast cancer has been stable in the last 10 years, and the mortality rate in young women has declined, probably due to early detection and improved treatments. While only 4 to 5% of women under 40 will develop breast cancer, 1 in every 227 women between the ages of 30 and 40 will be diagnosed.

Dr. John Galgiani, Professor of Medicine, UA, and Director, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, distributed a handout (Attachment F) and provided an overview of the status of Valley Fever in Arizona. Currently, the State is experiencing an epidemic. Although Valley Fever is a national problem, 65% of the cases are in Arizona. He stressed that Valley Fever could be used as an agent of bioterrorism.

These may be divided into factors that are basically endogenous and factors that are basically environmental or exogenous. Maternal age - Relationship between advanced maternal age and increased risk of Down syndrome was suggested a century ago. With increasing age, eggs present in the ovaries are more likely to undergo the process of non-disjunction where by an extra chromosome 21 is retained at the initial all division of the developing embryo. This results in Down’s syndrome.

Degenerative conditions e.g. diabetes and cancer, diseases like Scurvy, rheumatic fevers and joint pains are secondary to some form of nutritional breakdown or deficiency and that could potentially be reversed by a timely improvement in nutrition. Our departure from natural unprocessed food, to overcooked and processed foods that are deficient in the very nutrients required by the body is the cause of the problem.

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the U.S. An estimated 50 million Americans have genital herpes, with 1 million Americans becoming infected every year. According to the American Social Health Association (ASHA), 1 out of every 5 adults has genital herpes.