All other PL/SQL I/O is done through APIs that interact with other programs. For example, the DBMS_OUTPUT package has procedures such as PUT_LINE. To see the result outside of PL/SQL requires another program, such as SQL*Plus, to read and display the data passed to DBMS_OUTPUT. (SQL*Plus does not display DBMS_OUTPUT data unless you issue the command SET SERVEROUTPUT ON first.

Expected answer: Use the DBMS_OUTPUT package. Another possible method is to just use the SHOW ERROR command, but this only shows errors. The DBMS_OUTPUT package can be used to show intermediate results from loops and the status of variables as the procedure is executed. The new package UTL_FILE can also be used.

These concepts are common to all text mode applications (see the previous question). A program's standard input is whatever it reads from the keyboard (i.e., whatever you type into its terminal emulator window once the program begins to run). A program's standard output is whatever it prints in its terminal emulator window.

The PL/SQL term for these things is "object types". To do object-oriented programming, you use a mix of SQL and PL/SQL. You create the types themselves and the tables to hold them using SQL. You write the bodies of the methods in PL/SQL, and you can also manipulate tables of objects and call object methods through PL/SQL. The best source of information for object-oriented programming with PL/SQL is the book Oracle Database Application Developer's Guide - Object-Relational Features.

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By default, you put an exception handler at the end of a subprogram to handle exceptions that are raised anywhere inside the subprogram. To continue executing from the spot where an exception happens, enclose the code that might raise an exception inside another BEGIN-END block with its own exception handler. For example, you might put separate BEGIN-END blocks around groups of SQL statements that might raise NO_DATA_FOUND, or around arithmetic operations that might raise DIVIDE_BY_ZERO.

SQL is a limited language that allows you to directly interact with the database. You can write queries (SELECT), manipulate objects (DDL) and data (DML) with SQL. However, SQL doesn't include all the things that normal programming languages have, such as loops and IF...THEN...ELSE statements. PL/SQL is a normal programming language that includes all the features of most other programming languages.

A notice listing the states that have been released will be posted on the redistricting page of the Census Bureau’s Web site at http://www.census.gov/clo/www/redistricting.html and on the American FactFinder at http://factfinder.census.gov. You may also contact the Census Redistricting Data Office at www.rdo@census.gov or telephone 301-763-0253 or 0254.

Using the GCI and CDF files, the GC Image file operations Open, Recent Images, Save, Save As, Close, and Exit work for GCxGC-MS images as they do for GCxGC images (chapter Image Input and Output).

All ANSI-C types like structures, arrays, unions, pointers etc. can be input or output (or both). Additionally, non-ANSI-C data types like bit, which are often found in embedded programs, are supported.

The request (input) file is an ASCII file containing general information (password, report type and request reference number) as well as specific information (ID of the queried system: Meter Point, Delivery Point, summary map). The response (output) file is generated, upon the viewer's option, in either ASCII or EDI-867 format, while metering data is displayed for various channels in kWh, kVAh, I2h or V2h.

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SQL is a declarative language that allows database programmers to write a SQL declaration and hand it to the database for execution. As such, SQL cannot be used to execute procedural code with conditional, iterative and sequential statements. To overcome this limitation, PL/SQL was created. PL/SQL is Oracle's Procedural Language extension to SQL. PL/SQL's language syntax, structure and data types are similar to that of Ada.

One can use the DBMS_OUTPUT package to write information to an output buffer. This buffer can be displayed on the screen from SQL*Plus if you issue the SET SERVEROUTPUT ON; command. For example: set serveroutput on begin dbms_output.put_line('Look Ma, I can print from PL/SQL!!!'); end; / DBMS_OUTPUT is useful for debugging PL/SQL programs. However, if you print too much, the output buffer will overflow. In that case, set the buffer size to a larger value, eg.

One can call DDL statements like CREATE, DROP, TRUNCATE, etc. from PL/SQL by using the "EXECUTE IMMEDIATE" statement (native SQL). Examples: begin EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE X(A DATE)'; end; begin execute Immediate 'TRUNCATE TABLE emp'; end; DECLARE var VARCHAR2(100); BEGIN var := 'CREATE TABLE temp1(col1 NUMBER(2))'; EXECUTE IMMEDIATE var; END; Users running Oracle versions below Oracle 8i can look at the DBMS_SQL package (see FAQ about Dynamic SQL).

Yes. The DataDirect Connect Series Oracle drivers fully support returning result sets (including multiple result sets) generated from PL/SQL stored procedures against 7, 8, 8i, 9i, and 10g servers. This implementation is: Flexible-You can call any stored procedure without worrying about data integrity or the size of result sets.

When you imbed an INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT SQL statement directly in your PL/SQL code, PL/SQL turns the variables in the WHERE and VALUES clauses into bind variables automatically. Oracle can reuse these SQL statement each time the same code is executed. To run similar statements with different variable values, you can save parsing overhead by calling a stored procedure that accepts parameters, then issues the statements with the parameters substituted in the right places.

You can test or manipulate strings using the built-in functions REGEXP_INSTR, REGEXP_REPLACE, and REGEXP_SUBSTR. Oracle's regular expression features use characters like '.', '*', '^', and '$' that you might be familiar with from UNIX or Perl programming. For multi-language programming, there are also extensions such as '[:lower:]' to match a lowercase letter, instead of '[a-z]' which does not match lowercase accented letters.

You can create object types by issuing the SQL statement CREATE TYPE using dynamic SQL (the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement). You can use objects to group related values, as you would do with records, with the added advantage that you can store objects directly in the database. You can also create varrays, nested tables, and associative arrays of objects. You can write PL/SQL procedures and functions that accept objects as parameters.