Both Hydrochloride and Sulfate stabilize the glucosamine molecule into a solid form. In solution these molecules dissociates ("breaks apart") into glucosamine ions and either hydrogen and chloride ions, or sulfate ions (both of which are present anyway in the body and do not contribute or do any harm). It is the glucosamine ions that are important. The glucosamine hydrochloride is a bit more dense than the sulfate form, that is, it has a lower molecular weight.

Free and Easy for Dogs uses neither. The sulfate or HCL is simply a carrier molecule for the actual glucosamine. One study showed the actual glucosamine in glucosamine sulphate to be 63% and for HCL it was 83%. Free and Easy is extracted using water resulting in a more pure form of glucosamine, which is one of the reasons why it is so effective. Also, a potential problem of glucosamine sulphate is that some dogs and humans are allergic to the sulpha.

Glucosamine Sulphate KCl and Glucosamine Sulphate NaCLl are different glucosamine salts, which are stabilized by co-precipitation with potassium chloride and sodium chloride respectively. It is known that plain Glucosamine Sulphate cannot exist alone.

Over 40 years of studies worldwide – done independently and by raw ingredient manufacturers, academia, and nationally recognized associations (NIH, AMA & AVMA being the biggest) – have been done on Glucosamine Sulphate (Note: SULPHATED form). More than 350 scientific investigations and research articles exist, with over 50 of those studies being double-blind clinical trials.

Glucosamine sulfate is a form of glucosamine that is easily absorbed and has been extensively studied. Potassium chloride is added to provide product stability. Some professionals believe that their clients may experience enhanced joint support from the sulfate and potassium that this particular form provides. Glucosamine HCl is believed to be a slightly more stable form of glucosamine and has been only recently studied for joint support. Both have been shown to support joint health.

We have added both Glucosamine Sulfate and HCL to our product because of the way that people respond to the two different forms of glucosamine. Rather than guess which form will work the best for you, we give you both. Remember, we use high quality glucosamine in our product and we NEVER use the salts (KCl or NaCl), which rob you of 30% of your actual active glucosamine per dose.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin sulphate, artificially synthesized salts of glucosamine, have been shown in animal models of arthritis to have the potential to slow the degradation of cartilage. Based on this information, a number of short-term studies in humans were conducted. Some studies proved MSM (Methyl-Sulfonyl-Methane) to provide pain relief and ease joint movement in the short term (first week of use). Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate should be used as a maintenance measure.

Both forms of glucosamine have been used extensively in clinical trials with excellent results. Glucosamine HCl is used because it is about 25% more pure than glucosamine sulfate and is a more usable form of glucosamine by the body. In fact, the National Institutes of Health is currently conducting a large scale glucosamine clinical trial using glucosamine HCI, not glucosamine sulfate.

Numerous studies show that glucosamine sulfate is beneficial in maintaining the health of joints in arthritic patients and relieving pain. This is the form of glucosamine that has been helpful in the scientific research, so we do not sell any other form of glucosamine.

We supplement these 2 important nutrients because foods that contain Glucosamine and Chondroitin would need to be included at such high levels that the natural marine sources would overpower the flavor.

Base is the pure form of the compound. In some instances the pure form of a compound is unstable or has undesirable characteristics. The addition of HCL or acetyl group can make the compound more functional by changing physical characteristics. For example HCl's are typically more water soluble than their base counterparts.

Glucosamine Complex contains three different forms of glucosamine: glucosamine sulfate, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and glucosamine HCl in addition to vitamin C and manganese. Some healthcare professionals feel that this provides broad-spectrum joint support not achieved with Glucosamine Sulfate alone. Glucosamine Sulfate remains the most well-researched form of glucosamine.

Yes, absolutely! Studies have proven that only Glucosamine Sulphate 2KCl (Potassium Salt) and Glucosamine Sulphate NACl (Sodium Salt) actually get to the joint tissues. Glucosamine Sulphate is the basic building block of connective tissues and fluids. Studies have shown that when Glucosamine Sulphate is given orally, within 30 minutes, 87-97% is actively taken from the gut into the blood. Furthermore, within 4 hours, the chondrocytes (joint cells) have actively taken it from the blood.

Glucosamine is important for healthy joints. It is one of the components of the tissue that covers the surfaces of the bones in your joints (i.e., knee, elbow, hip), called articular cartilage. Cells that are found in this cartilage are able to make glucosamine on their own when the joint is healthy and undamaged, but changes in the joints appear to inhibit the ability of these cells to produce enough glucosamine.

The theory behind Chondroitin is that if you have bad cartilage, eating good cartilage can be very beneficial. The ingredients in the good should repair and rebuild the bad cartilage. There are three main sources of cartilage, other than the human body. One is from sharks called shark cartilage, or Chondroitin. Another is from shrimp shells called Glucosamine. The third is from horse hooves, called gelatin. Any of these three will do the same.

Phenterprin HCL is an extremely powerful pharmaceutical-grade oral appetite suppressant created for those who are significantly overweight. It helps you feel less hungry while giving you more energy. The recommended initial dose for Phenterprin HCL in 30mg capsules is to start with one Phenterprin HCL 30mg capsule per day. Your doctor can best determine the appropriate dose for you.