The incidence of Down's Syndrome has been variously reported as 1 in 800 live births to 1 in 1,100 live births. A recent estimate in the United States puts the incidence at about 1 in 1,000.

Incidence in general population is 1 in 600 to 800 live births but the incidence among all conspectuses is more than double this frequency because more than half are spontaneously aborted during early pregnancy. The outlook towards the mentally challenged has undergone tremendous modifications from time to time. The "Eugenics Scare" leads to a massive residential institution construction programme. Many of those institutionalized were persons with Down syndrome.

These may be divided into factors that are basically endogenous and factors that are basically environmental or exogenous. Maternal age - Relationship between advanced maternal age and increased risk of Down syndrome was suggested a century ago. With increasing age, eggs present in the ovaries are more likely to undergo the process of non-disjunction where by an extra chromosome 21 is retained at the initial all division of the developing embryo. This results in Down’s syndrome.

The term "incidence" refers to the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease occurring in a specific population during a specific time period. The incidence rate is the number of newly diagnosed cases in a specific population during a specific time period per "x" number of people; usually the time period is one year and "x" number of people is 100,000. Such an incidence rate is "crude", is not age adjusted (see #11 below) and therefore cannot be used to compare different populations.

Texas Cancer Information expects to add incidence data in the fall of 2007. There is currently limited incidence and survival data available in the on-line publication of Texas Cancer Facts & Figures 2004 , a publication made possible through the collaborative efforts of the American Cancer Society, Texas Division, Inc.

Studies suggest the prevalence is somewhere between 1 in 200 - 500. In recent years there has been a large increase in the number of children diagnosed with ASD, particularly those in the high functioning category. This is probably due to a broadening of the criteria for diagnosis, and better diagnostics methods enabling detection at a very young age.

What distinguishes Asperger's Syndrome from autism is the severity of the symptoms and the absence of language delays. Children with Asperger's may be only mildly affected and frequently have good language and cognitive skills. To the untrained observer, a child with Asperger's may seem just like a normal child behaving differently. They may be socially awkward, not understanding of conventional social rules, or show a lack of empathy.

Syndrome" is a medical term for a condition in which there is a collection of signs (observable body changes) and symptoms (problems observed by the patient) recognizable by a doctor's exam. Individuals with a syndrome may not have all of its associated signs and symptoms, but they must have enough to be considered "diagnostic." Conversely, because someone may display some of the signs and symptoms of a syndrome, does not necessarily mean they have it.

HELLP Syndrome occurs in 4 percent to 12 percent of the women who have preeclampsia. It is one of the most severe forms of preeclampsia. HELLP stands for: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and lowered platelets. HELLP Syndrome most often affects the liver, causing stomach and right shoulder pain. HELLP Syndrome is most dangerous because it can occur before you exhibit the classic symptoms of preeclampsia. It is often mistaken for the flu or gallbladder problems.

Only 3 to 5% of cases are inherited; the rest arise as an accident of chromosome arrangement during meiosis. For details, see my essay on the origin of trisomy 21 or Dr. Paul Benke's essay on the types of DS, and the risk and recurrence risk of DS. No. Down syndrome occurs at conception, so nothing in the pregnancy can cause Down syndrome to occur. As for prior to conception, the research all shows that drug or alcohol use does not increase the risk of having a child with DS.

Tourette Syndrome TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by tics -- involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly in the same way.

The prevalance of preschool children stuttering is about 2.5%, that is, about 1 in 40 young children now stutter. The incidence is about 5%, or 1 in 20 children stutter at some point in childhood. About 1% of adults stutter. 0.73%, or about one in 135 adults, was the figure found in a recent study. Studies in years past claimed that some countries had higher or lower rates of stuttering, or that some cultures had no stutterers at all.

Down's Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by extra genetic material (genes) from the 21st chromosome. The extra genes cause certain characteristics that we know as Down's syndrome. Individuals with Down's Syndrome also have all the other genes given to them by their parents. As a result, they have a combination of features typical of Down's Syndrome on top of the individual features from their parents.

According to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, the average TBI incidence rate (including both hospitalization and mortality rate) is 95 per 100,000 people. Each year over 80,000 Americans survive a hospitalization for traumatic brain injury, but are released with TBI-related disabilities. Approximately 5.3 million Americans today live with a TBI-related disability.

age-specific incidence rate is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease in a specific age group in a particular population over a specified time period per "x" number of people in that age group. Typically, five-year age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, etc.) are used. The time period is usually one year and the "x" number of people in the specific age group is usually 100,000.