The Braille system was invented by Louis Braille. He was born in Coupvray (Isle de France) in 1809 and died in Paris in 1852. At the age of three, he was blinded after accidentally stabbing himself in the eye in his father’s workshop. He invented the Braille system in Paris at the age of 15 while attending the blind school there (see the life and work of Louis Braille). See also www.braille.ch.

Braille is a system of making raised dots on paper to form letters and words that are read by the blind with their fingertips. The basic Braille "cell" consists of two columns of three dots. The dots are numbered 1-2-3 from top to bottom on the left side of the cell and 4-5-6 from top to bottom on the right side of the cell. Each Braille letter, word, punctuation mark, number, or musical note can be made up using different combinations of these dots. See similar questions...

Flower essences were first developed in the 1930's by the English physician, Edward Bach. Dr. Bach was a classically trained physician who became a pioneer in understanding the relationship of emotions to the health of body and mind. Today we call this the "body/mind connection." You can also use the tongue-twister, "psychoneuroimmunology." He observed that many physical diseases could be directly related to a person's mental attitude. See similar questions...

Dr. Benjamin Gavish, InterCure's Founder and Chief Scientific Officer, patented and developed a fundamental method of affecting biological rhythms and respiration with external rhythms such as melody, which led to the development of RESPeRATE, the company's first product. See similar questions...

Aerogel was first made in the 1930s by Samuel S. Kistler, who obtained several patents for making a variety of aerogel, including silica, alumina, chromia, tin and carbon. See similar questions...

We don't print Braille, since we don't use ink to create the dots. We emboss rather than print. The devices we use to create Braille use pins to partially push the paper in the appropriate patterns. Though they are attached to the computers we use to create Braille the same way a standard printer is attached, they are not printers. It is possible to combine both printed text and Braille, but the process is cumbersome and time consuming and limited to pages of standard Braille width (11 inches). See similar questions...

The Braille system of reading and writing was developed by a Frenchman named Louis Braille when he was just a boy. He became blind through an accident, and he discovered that trying to read raised letters was much too slow. He wanted a faster way for blind people to read and write. He modeled Braille after a system of codes used by the military, and then he expanded his system. For more information about Louis Braille, please visit your school or public library. See similar questions...

Web-Braille is a service that provides electronic files of braille books, magazines, and music to individuals registered with cooperating libraries to receive braille materials. After registering with the library, eligible braille readers can download the electronic files or use them online with braille output devices. More information is in an NLS Factsheet. See similar questions...

The Web-BLND catalog of the National Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped is available through the Library of Congress web site <http://www.loc.gov/nls/web-blnd/search.html> . Please consult the home page for the National Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped <http://www.loc.gov/nls/> for additional information on the Book Catalogs and Listings. See similar questions...

Any printed materials that are supplied to students should be offered in alternative formats, including Braille. Generally speaking, electronic text is more portable and usable than Braille, and it is produced more quickly. However, in some cases there is no substitute for having information provided in Braille. See similar questions...

Any text that exists in HTML, ASCII, or popular word processing formats can be converted to Braille. Additionally, some graphics can be embossed as tactile drawings. Preferred format for text is MS Word .doc format or properly structured HTML. Mathematics and similar information in LaTeX format can be converted and embossed for people familiar with Nemeth Code Braille. The optimum format for efficient and speedy embossing is MS Word with standard styles or HTML with proper tags. See similar questions...

Complete the form found on the ATL Braille page, and email your document to us using those instructions. See similar questions...

These links provide a quick introduction to the process of scanning and converting text and producing Braille documents. If you are regularly producing material for Braille readers, we strongly recommend becoming familiar with Microsoft Word features such as Styles, as well as the very useful information on 10 Tips for Using Word to produce Braille. See similar questions...

Vibrational essences are a part of ancient wisdom, and have been found in aboriginal cultures throughout the world. The 16th century master physician and herbalist Paracelsus also used essences. The best-known essence maker of the modern world is the English physician Dr. Edward Bach. He re-invented essences in the 1930's, creating the popular Bach Flower Remedies. They are used widely throughout the world. In the past 15 years or so, many new essences companies were founded all over the world. See similar questions...

Answer:It was developed by Dr. Allen Dyer, a world-renowned medical researcher who invented the cardiac defibrillator that went around the globe to revive heart attack victims. Dr. Dyer holds an M.D., a Ph.D. and a pharmaceutical degree. He is the former deputy minister with the Ministry of Health in Ontario, Canada. See similar questions...

Balloons have been around for centuries.  The modern latex balloon that we are familiar with was invented in New England during the Great Depression. A chemical engineer named Neil Tillotson was attempting to make inner tubes using liquid latex, which was a new product.  He was having no luck.  In his frustration is cut out a cat's head and dipped it in the latex.  When it dried he found that he had a cat head. See similar questions...