Genetic engineering (GE) is sometimes called genetic manipulation or genetic modification (GM). The resulting life-forms are often known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetic engineering is often described as a form of biotechnology. However, biotechnology is a term that also encompasses a wide range of traditional practices such as cheese-making and brewing ? practices that are not in any way like genetic engineering.

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Advances in biotechnology have enabled some plants to develop their own resistance to certain diseases and insects. For example, Round-up-Ready corn and soybeans are resistant to the herbicide Round-up, allowing the farmer more leeway in the timing of herbicide applications and simplified weed control. Growing genetically modified crops that have built-in resistance to certain kinds of diseases (such as potato blight) can also reduce chemical applications.

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General Education (GE) is a broad range of courses required for the Associate Degree and the Bachelor Degree. The courses are listed under general fields of study including Basic Subjects, Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, and Social Sciences. English 1A, English 1B, Geology 1A, History 17A, and Political Science 1 are examples of GE courses. For most students, thirty-nine (39) units of GE are needed for CSU and UC transfer and 25 units of GE are needed for the Associate Degree.

A:  Genetically Modified Organisms, genetically modified seeds or seed that have been developed using bioengineering technology. We use Certified Non-GMO sourced ingredients. That means the soy seed ancestry can be traced and documented. Europe will not permit the sale of food products that originate from or contain genetically modified ingredients. Once a product tests positive for GMO it cannot be marketed in Europe.

GE is general credit. The course did not map into a department at SFU, but you have nevertheless been given lower division credit towards your degree. Please note that GE is not a department, and therefore cannot be included in calculation of breadth credits. Yes, however you must apply for a Letter of Permission (http://students.sfu.ca/pdfcentral) if you wish to complete a course for transfer credit. A Letter of Permission may take 6 weeks to process, longer for out-of-country courses.

Agricultural biotechnology has allowed scientists to insert certain nutritional traits, including increased protein levels, vitamins and minerals, and healthier oils into crops with more precision and timeliness than conventional breeding. For example, new strains of rice have been developed that would help combat vitamin A deficiency (a leading cause of blindness) by delivering higher doses of beta-carotene and iron.

The GE product does not concentrate light to the task at hand, but rather, radiates light in all directions, not necessarily to where it is most needed. (back to top)

Agricultural biotechnology is an advanced technology that allows plant breeders to make precise genetic changes to impart beneficial traits to the crop plants we rely on for food and fiber. For centuries farmers and plant breeders have labored to improve crop plants. Traditional breeding methods include selecting and sowing the seeds from the strongest, most desirable plants to produce the next generation of crops.

Biotechnology is the application of scientific information and methods to biological problems such as in agriculture and medicine. It includes moving traits or characteristics from one organism to another, to improve or create new industrial, medical and agricultural products.

More information on Biotechnology and U.S. trade is available at http://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/biotech/index.html.

GMO stands for "Genetically Modified Organisms." Applied to crops, the term refers to any genetic plant type that has had a gene or genes from a different species transferred into its genetic material using accepted techniques of genetic engineering.

The AEBC reports jointly to Margaret Beckett, the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and to Patricia Hewitt, the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry. The AEBC also reports to the following Ministers in the devolved administrations: Ross Finnie, Scottish Executive Minister for Environment and Rural Development; Carwyn Jones, the Welsh Assembly Minister for Rural Development and Wales Abroad; and Angela Smith, Minister of the Environment, Northern Ireland.

The Federal government decided in 1986 that the United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA"), the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") would regulate GE crops using existing statutes. It is the responsibility of those government agencies to make sure GE crops are safe for humans, animals, and the environment.