Pool and spa water treatment with chlorine and other halogen disinfectants (bromine) require maintaining a residual concentration of at least 1 to 3 PPM (Part Per Million) in water. The effectiveness of the use of these chemicals is controlled by many variables: pH, dissolved solids, temperature and halogen concentrations. Under EPA urging, most municipalities now restrict the from dispensing and storage of chlorine.

Chlorine changes the tastes and odor of water. Chlorination can also produce harmful by-products called Trihalomethanes (THMs) which are linked to incidence of cancer. No, the UV unit will use about the same amount of energy as a 60 watt light bulb. It is a cost effective, natural way to increase water quality where microbiological contamination is present and to provide peace of mind where microbiological contamination is a greater risk.

No, there is no chlorine in chlorine dioxide. Although chlorine dioxide has the word chlorine in its name, the two chemicals have completely different chemical structures. The additional oxygen atom radically changes the molecule and creates completely different chemical behaviors and by-products. Their differences are as profound as those between hydrogen, the explosive gas, and hydrogen combined with oxygen, which creates dihydrogen oxide-commonly called water.

The type of disinfection used, and the levels of residual disinfection products in your drinking water, is information that you can obtain from your water business.

Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems have been tested and certified to reduce Chlorine and Trihalomethanes. However, not all filters certified to reduce Chlorine can reduce Trihalomethanes (although some disreputable companies would have you believe so!). Chlorine is a substance that is relatively easy to remove. But, chlorine that has interacted with organic material to form Trihalomethanes (thus having a completely different molecular structure) is extremely difficult to remove.

Any chlorine in our drinking water is too much, however the EPA guidelines allow up to 4 parts per million (ppm) in municipal tap water. This is a higher percentage than the 3ppm (parts per million) suggested as safe for swimming pools. There is an abundance of information on the internet with evidence that chlorine is linked to cancer, heart disease and many other health problems. Chlorine is needed in water to kill bacteria, but it should be removed prior to use.

The level of chlorine found in drinking water and the hydrants that supply most golf course water will NOT affect H2Organic. Do not worry about these low levels of chlorine. However, the extreme levels of chlorine used in swimming pools to kill disease-causing bacteria will also kill the bacteria in H2Organic. We DO NOT recommend H2Organic for swimming pools.

No, our tea bags are oxygen bleached rather than chlorine bleached. Chlorine bleaching of paper, including tea bags and coffee filters, creates a dioxin chemical residue in the paper and waste water from the paper mill. Dioxin is a known potent carcinogen that we want to avoid.

Chlorine was discovered by Carl Scheele (1742-1786) in 1774 but it was not known as an element. Due to its strong oxidising properties it was thought by most chemists to contain oxygen and was called oxymuriatic acid (muriatic acid being HCl). It was Humphry Davy (1778-1829) who exposed the gas to white-hot carbon in an attempt to remove the oxygen as carbon dioxide. He was never able to produce oxygen or any compound known to contain oxygen, and he finally concluded that it was an element.

Chlorine (one of the halogen group) has an established place in the natural world: the sea, plants and animals all contain and produce vast amounts of chlorinated molecules. In the human body itself, chlorinated compounds are indispensable to the functioning of the vital organs. For example, hydrochloric acid plays a key role in the digestive process. Click on Amazing Organohalogens to find out more about where these chemicals occur naturally.

Combined Chlorine is that fraction of the total chlorine that is present in the form of Chloramines or organic chloramines. In other words: Chlorine that is bound to other elements or organic compounds but is still an effective disinfectant. Combined chlorine has been found to be more effective than free chlorine in controlling post-disinfection bacterial growth. Chloramines are an example of combined chlorine.

Chlorine Demand is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the amount of residual chlorine remaining after a given contact time. Chlorine demand may change with dosage, time, temperature, pH, and nature and amount of the impurities in the water. Chlorine Demand, mg/L = Chlorine Applied, mg/L - Residual, mg/L

Chlorine Requirement is the amount of chlorine which is needed for a particular purpose. Some reasons for adding chlorine are reducing the number of coliform bacteria (Most Probable Number), obtaining a particular chlorine residual, or oxidizing some substance in the water. In each case a definite dosage of chlorine will be necessary. This dosage is the chlorine requirement.

This only a worry when the chlorine reading is over 10ppm. If this is the case then this can be immediately reduced by using dechlorinator. Otherwise if starved of chlorine the level will come down naturally over time. It is advised that the pool is not used until the level drops below 10ppm. Ideally the chlorine level should be between 1 and 3ppm.