Hepatitis B carrier" is a term that is sometimes used to indicate people who have chronic (long-term) infection with HBV. Persons with chronic infection can infect others and are at increased risk of serious liver disease including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

People who do not recover from hepatitis B are called carriers. Today, an estimated 1-1.25 million people are carriers in the United States with over 10,000 more people becoming chronic carriers each year. A hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier is someone who has had hepatitis B in his/her blood for more than six months. Five to ten percent of adults who acquire HBV become carriers. Children who are infected under age 5 have a 20-90 percent chance of becoming lifelong carriers.

The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is spread through contact with infected blood, through sex with an infected person, and from mother to child during childbirth. It is the most common hepatitis virus. Most adults who become infected will recover from HBV after a few months and become immune to being infected again. Others are not able to get rid of the virus and stay infected for life. Chronic HBV often leads to a scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis (sir-o-sis) and liver cancer.

Hepatitis B carrier's immunization record is review by University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine's Expert Panel on Infection Control prior to the trainee's start date. The Expert Panel needs the trainees HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, viral DNA load, and liver function test results for the assessment. PGME will inform the outcome of the assessment in writing and send the Hepatitis B carrier package.

Hepatitis means “inflammation of the liver.” Many viruses, alcohol, drugs, and various chemicals can cause hepatitis.

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Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by a virus found in feces (people's stool). You can get it by coming in contact with infected feces. The most common way is by swallowing food or liquids that get contaminated by hands that are not washed thoroughly after using the toilet. You can also get Hepatitis A through sexual acts like 'rimming' (licking someone's anus) or via oral sex on a male's penis after he has had anal sex.

It is always a good idea to get screened for Hepatitis A or B antibodies before you get vaccinated to make sure you aren't already infected. Any health provider should be able to screen you or provide you with the vaccines. Some clinics will only vaccinate you if you are a certain age, if you ask, or if you are a regular patient.

You have a few options regarding Hepatitis B vaccinations. You can provide evidence of having received the series of vaccinations, or you can refuse the vaccination requirement for personal or religious reasons. If you refuse for any reason, it must be in writing. Because the health department would prefer that all local artists complete their series of shots, the department offers hepatitis B shots free of charge to any locally-licensed body art practitioner.

A positive antibody test could mean one of two things. It could mean that a person is infected with hepatitis C and is a chronic carrier. Or, it could mean that the person was infected with hepatits C but has cleared it from his or her body. An antibody test cannot tell anyone which of those two categories applies. Once infected, you will always have hepatitis C antibodies, and therefore will always test positive on a hepatitis C screening test.

The vaccine is used to prevent the disease. Once a person is infected with the virus, the vaccine has no benefit. Being immunized would be injecting the person with vaccine for no purpose or benefit and would be using doses that could be appropriately given to someone else.