There is no evidence that fluoride, used correctly, is harmful to children with DS than any other child. Fluoride in the proper amounts is not toxic. No. A study in 1980 of births in 44 US cities proved conclusively that there was no difference in the rate of births of children with DS in cities with and without fluoridated water supply.

Yes. If excess fluoride is ingested it can result in a condition known as fluorosis. Fluorosis can cause varying degrees of staining and irregular enamel formation in your child’s permanent teeth. Most municipal water supplies are fluoridated at safe levels (1.0 ppm). If your water source is an independent well, or if you drink only bottled water, you will have to investigate the level of fluoride that the water contains.

Developing teeth are sensitive to higher fluoride levels. In young children, excess fluoride intake can cause dental fluorosis, a harmless cosmetic discoloring or mottling of the enamel, visible as chalky white specks and lines or pitted and brown stained enamel on developing teeth. They are at greater risk if they swallow or use too much toothpaste and fluoride supplements or regularly drink water containing excessive fluoride levels.

Concerta has been FDA approved for use in children age 6-years and older. This medication has not been approved for use in children younger than 6 years of age. (Even if it had been approved for younger children, they would probably have a hard time swallowing the tablet.)

Yes. The American Dental Association continues to support the optimal level of fluoride in drinking water as 0.7 - 1.2 parts per million (ppm). Nursery Waters has a level up to 0.7 parts per million - well within ADA recommendations. This means that when your child is drinking Nursery Water, you can be confident that your child is getting the right level of fluoride.

Many reports have been published about the pros and cons of fluoride. After many years the scientific conclusion is that fluoride is of great benefit to dental health and helps to reduce decay, while causing no harmful side effects to general health.

Fluoride is a mineral found in nature. There is fluoride in the ocean, in the earth's crust and in fresh water.

Fluoridated drinking water contains 2 parts per million of fluoride. If you are on well water you can add prescription drops or vitamins. Most supermarkets have gallon containers of fluoridated water. Depending on the weight of the child, you can add an ounce of this water every time they have a cup of liquid. Be careful of reconstituted baby formula, it may have been processed with fluoride water. Read the label.

Fluoride is documented to be safe and highly effective. Research indicates water fluoridation, the most cost effective method, has decreased the decay rate by over 50 percent. Only small amounts of fluoride are necessary for the maximum benefit. Proper toothpaste amount must by supervised, and other forms of fluoride supplementations must be carefully monitored in order to prevent a potential overdose and unsightly spots on the developing permanent teeth.

Many areas have enough fluoride in the water to help fight tooth decay. However, where the level in the water supply is low, it is sometimes necessary for children to take extra fluoride in the form of supplements. It is extremely important that these are only taken on the advice and instruction of a dentist.

Proponents of cranial therapy claim that skull bones can be manipulated to relieve many disorders. To quote the website of the Craniosacral Therapy Assoc. of the UK: "Dr William Sutherland, an American osteopath, discovered intrinsic movements of the bones of the skull around the turn of the century. His further research revealed different rhythmic tidal motions in the body.

A. Fluoride in the toothpaste is perhaps the most common cause of morning nausea. I have had many patients tell me their worst experience at the dentist was the sickness they felt during and after fluoride treatments. The reason more do not die from fluoride is that it is so toxic, when ingested it almost always causes vomiting. Motor dysfunction, IQ deficits, learning disabilities and cancer in humans have been linked to fluoride. (Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1995.

In correct amounts, added and naturally occurring fluoride has improved the dental health of American consumers. Fairfax Water's water generally has between 0.8 and 1.2 mg/L of Fluoride. The pink stain (sometimes slimy in the way it feels) is generally a mixture of non-pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria are believed to be airborne and multiply in damp environments. Commercial cleansers containing bleach are effective in killing the bacteria and getting rid of the stain.

The attractant is a non-toxic biodegradable scent, which indicates to the puppies where to go. It is safe around children.

Children are the future of our sport. Unlike some other statewide rides, BRAG is family-oriented and encourages children to participate. On a recent BRAG, we had 166 children on our ride 12 years of age and younger. The youngest child was 1-year old, riding on his/her parent’s bicycle, in a child carrier seat or trailer. In our 27 years of cross-state bicycle rides, we have never had a serious injury to a child 12 years of age or younger.