There are no amendments, chemicals, or additives available commercially that can be added to saline water to make the salt go away. Dilution with a non-saline water or salt precipitation with an evaporation process which leaves the salt behind and traps the evaporated water can be used. Dilution of saline irrigation water is only possible if there is a source of non-saline water with which to dilute the saline water.

Yes. Irrigation water that is suitable for one soil may not be for another. Use of saline and/or sodic water for irrigation can be risky business on soils predominated by silt or clay. Just 1 acre-foot of moderately saline irrigation water (EC = 3 dS/m - the upper end of suitability for irrigation water) will introduce 1.8 tons of salt to an acre of land. Soluble salts do not leach as readily through fine textured soils as through sandy soils.

Water can be both saline and sodic, or saline-sodic. If water has an EC greater than 4 (2 for horticulture) and a SAR greater than 12, it is considered saline-sodic.

Saline water has a relatively high concentration of dissolved salts. Salt is not just "salt" as we know it - sodium chloride (NaCl) - but can be dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) sulfate (S042-), bicarbonate (HC03-) and Boron (B).

Water can naturally become saline or sodic by coming into contact with soil or geologic material that is high in salts. Upon contact, salts dissolve into the water, raising the EC and/or the SAR of the water. Water can also become saline when evaporation concentrates naturally occurring salts.

Saline soils are indicative of inadequate drainage to leach salt from the soil or upward migration of salt from shallow ground water. Sodic soils have an abundance of sodium. Some soils are naturally saline and/or sodic. If the soil was formed on parent material high in salts, such as marine deposits, and it has inadequate drainage, the soil will be high in salts as well. Soils can become saline and/or sodic from unnatural processes as well.

Sodic water is high in sodium (Na+) concentration relative to concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The sodicity of water is expressed as the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR),

Most breast implants will allow for additional saline to be added (or removed) after surgery. This is a simple office procedure, and can be done under local anesthetic. The price for this varies from surgeon to surgeon, so you will need to ask your doctor what his/her fee is. However, the Mentor High Profile saline breast implants, Mentor Spectrum Expandable, and Mentor Becker Expandable breast implants cannot have saline added or removed once the fill port is taken out.

Often the problem is obvious. Excess soluble salts will often crystallize on the surface of fallow fields, while thin, patchy salt crusts will form under clods or on the shady side of clods where marginal salt problems are found. Thick, continuous crusts form in saline seeps. Saline soils tend to inhibit germination and emergence of plants. Therefore, patterns of growth in cropped fields will be poor, with spotty stand establishment.

The most common locations to find saline soils are in the eastern and central part of Montana and in poorly drained areas north of the Missouri River. Naturally saline soils are found along many stream terraces and bottoms, while saline seeps can be found throughout most of the glaciated plains region. Sodic soils occur in many of the same locations as saline soils, found most commonly in eastern and north central Montana and along irrigated flood plains of many rivers.

Reclamation of saline or sodic soils can be done. It is first necessary to know whether the soil you want to reclaim is saline, sodic, or both, since reclamation procedures are different for each. Saline soil reclamation requires as a minimum: 1) assessment of the problem, 2) enhanced drainage, and 3) a relatively salt free water supply. Without these components, reclamation cannot progress.

Water is classified as "saline" when it becomes a risk for growth and yield of crops. Saline water has a relatively high concentration of dissolved salts (cations and anions). Salt is not just "salt" as we know it - sodium chloride (NaCl) - but can be dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), Boron (B), and other compounds.

Calcium, magnesium and potassium are added for taste. At the levels used, they do not provide any nutritional benefits.

Gypsum is generally added to provide a calcium source to displace sodium in the soil. (Gypsum is calcium sulfate, 22.5% calcium). For most soils in Montana east of the continental divide, the soil is already saturated with respect to calcium (as calcium carbonate or lime). Hence, adding gypsum to a soil already saturated with calcium simply elevates the concentration of calcium, favoring formation of calcium carbonate.

There are 3 common methods for treating water: boiling (stove), iodine tablets, and filters. Because of occasional pipeline failures, it's a good idea to be prepared with one of these methods even when hiking Corridor trails.

The amount of water used depends on the size of the bird, how badly it is oiled and the bird. One pelican can use as many as 300 gallons of water. During the "Tenyo Maru" oil spill we cleaned 700 birds and used 1,000,000 gallons of water. Much of that was in the pools we need to swim the birds after they have been cleaned.

Adding fluoride to the water is the best way to provide fluoride protection to a large number of people at a low cost. That's why many towns and cities put fluoride in the water in a controlled manner. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently named fluoridation of drinking water one of the 10 most successful public health measures in this century.

In contrast to other chemicals added to water, fluoride does not treat the water, or make the water safer to drink. Fluoride is the only chemical added to water for the sole purpose of medication (to prevent tooth decay -- a non-waterborne disease). NO. Most dental researchers now concede that fluoride’s main benefit comes from direct contact with the outside of teeth (a "topical" effect), and not from ingestion (a "systemic" effect).

The main fluoride chemical added to water (hydrofluorosilicic acid) is an industrial by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry. Unlike the fluoride used in toothpaste, hydrofluorosilicic acid is not pharmaceutical-grade quality. It is an unpurified, industrial-grade, corrosive acid which has been linked, in several recent studies, to increased levels of lead in children’s blood. Like arsenic and lead, very small amounts of fluoride can be found in most water supplies.

The back of the envelope calculation shows that there is about 1,000 trillion gallons of water in this iceberg, but it's not "new." It's been in the hydrological cycle. The iceberg contains sufficient water to provide 5 inches of water for the agricultural land of the earth or about 0.5 inches on the land area of the earth.