If you take an operational amplifier (op-amp) and connect an input signal with no negative feedback, the output voltage will be A0 times larger than the difference between the input voltages. The control loop that might otherwise set the gain is not present (the feedback loop is open-circuit), hence the term open-loop gain. If you now add a negative feedback network, the voltage gain of the circuit will usually be reduced to a value dictated by the external components.

A closed loop is a continuous pipe that circulates a fluid (often with an antifreeze mixture) to extract heat from the surrounding soil or water. An open loop is, essentially, two pipes: one to suck in water that is moved through the heat pump to transfer heat, the other to take the cooled water and discharge it to the appropriate location, usually downstream from the first pipe. See similar questions...

I'm trying to obtain a feedback controller for a problem I specified, but the solution seems to be incorrect. I get several error messages when exploring the state space. I specified a problem and I am now computing the Infinite Time / Minimum-Time / Suboptimal Controller. The computation does not seem to end... ever. See similar questions...

That depends on several factors as stated earlier. A dealer should be willing to install what's best for you, not for him. See similar questions...

Open-loop units usually are less expensive to install (no need for trenching or drilling) and are more efficient (the heat in the supply water is transferred without the need for antifreeze). Closed-loop units offer more security of supply (less chance of constriction of the water supply) and have no environmental impact. Often, loops operate at a lower cost than open systems due to lower pumping power required. See similar questions...

The purpose of all A.A. group meetings, as our Preamble states, is for A.A. members to "share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism." Toward this end, A.A. groups have both open and closed meetings. Closed meetings are for A.A. members only, or for those who have a drinking problem and "have a desire to stop drinking. See similar questions...

For closed rhinoplasty, the incisions are confined to the inside of the nose and result in no visible scarring. Open rhinoplasty procedures require an additional small incision made on the underside of the nose between the nostrils, resulting in a well-concealed, fine-line scar. Open rhinoplasty is preferred when doing tip work. The open procedure will produce excellent symmetry. Closed rhinoplasty is best suited for nasal hump reduction. See similar questions...

Open and closed loop refers to whether a feedback mechanism is included in the controller-motor assembly for the controller to verify that the motor is actually moving as expected by the command. In open loop, there is no feedback, so a command will vary the controller's output to the motors, but the actual speed will depend on the friction, slope, load and the presence of obstacles. In speed closed loop, the controller will measure the actual motor speed and adjust the command accordingly. See similar questions...

For the areas where there is not a risk of main water freezing and lime open loop systems can be used. Because of the circulation of the city water in the solar collector in the open loop systems, the water channels of the collector calcified, by the time calcification decreases the efficiency of the solar collectors initially. Lime, clogs the water channels of the collector and the solar collector does not operate at all. See similar questions...

open mortgage can be paid out at any time. A closed mortgage cannot be repaid beyond a lender's prepayment privileges before the end of the term without charge. In most cases open mortgages are offered at a higher interest rate than that of a closed mortgage. See similar questions...

Project is considered closed when the project owner has received sufficient number of bids to his/her project and he decided close the project or the deadline for the project has passed. See similar questions...

A closed adoption means that the birth parent(s) and adoptive parents never know each other. Some non-identifying information may be given to adoptive parents in order to assist them in medical situations, but names are not exchanged. An open adoption means that the birth parent(s) and adoptive parents know something about each other. The degree of openness depends on what the birth parent(s) and adoptive parents agree upon. See similar questions...

Open headphones generally have a design that leaves the entire, or some of the back of the headphones open (covered by a protective grille of some sorts). This allows for a more natural and wider sound from the headphones. It's normal for open headphones to sound better than similarly priced closed headphones. Closed headphones often have a more "in your head" sound and sound a little boxed in. See similar questions...

The difference between open and closed rhinoplasty is basically the location of the incision. Closed rhinoplasty involves incisions which are confined to the inside of the nose while open rhinoplasty involves an additional small incision made on the underside of the nose between the nostrils. Open rhinoplasty is often preferred in more complex cases as it provides a better view of and easier access to the inside of the nose. See similar questions...

The most popular and commonly used trailer is the open trailer. These trailers carry anywhere from 10-12 vehicles at a time. Open trailers are less expensive than closed trailers. However, open trailers will subject your car to the elements of nature, such as rain, snow, wind, and dirt. Still, unless you are shipping your vehicle through extreme climates, this option should be fine. See similar questions...