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Frequently Asked Questions

How do you kill anthrax spores?

Anthrax FAQ - Volusia County Health Department, Environmenta...
It's difficult, but the good news is, you need not worry about contamination from surfaces. That's a good thing. The British cleaned up a highly contaminated former bioresearch site using formaldehyde mixed with sea water. It took almost 30 years. Use the same safeguards hospitals use: Wash hands, clean surfaces, utensils, glassware. But remember: Anthrax spores virtually never enter the lungs from the ground or surfaces.

What is anthrax?

CDC Anthrax Q & A
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic lower vertebrates (cattle, sheep, goats, camels, antelopes, and other herbivores), but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or to tissue from infected animals or when anthrax spores are used as a bioterrorist weapon.

What are Spores?

A spore is a reproductive mechanism, that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. The spore can develop into a new organism by dividing by mitosis without fusing with another cell. The term may also refer to the resting stage in the life cycle of some bacteria, more commonly referred to as the endospore. Fungi that produce spores are known as sporogenous, and those that do not are asporogenous.

What if anthrax spores got washed into a storm drain? Or into our water supply?

Anthrax FAQ - Volusia County Health Department, Environmenta...
Inhalation anthrax is not a water-borne disease. Even if millions of spores washed into drains and sewers, they'd be in solution with billions and billions of gallons of water and pose no measurable risk. For that matter, spores washed down your kitchen drain pose no measurable threat. Water might not kill the spores, but it spreads them out, and when they're spread out in water, they're not going to make you sick.

Can the spores that cause anthrax multiply outside of a human or animal host?

Table of Contents
What are the odds of my getting anthrax? (What is the average risk of contracting anthrax in the United States?)

Can anthrax spores be killed on letters in the mail by microwave, UV light, or ironing?

anthrax-faqs
While some of these methods may kill some spores, it is not known what procedures to use (e.g., length of time, temperature, etc.). Furthermore, because of insufficient data on the efficacy of these methods in inactivating anthrax spores, CDC does not recommend these techniques for reliable decontamination.

How is anthrax transmitted?

CDC Anthrax Q & A
Anthrax is not known to spread from one person to another person. B. anthracis spores can live in the soil for many years, and humans can become infected with anthrax by handling products from infected animals or by inhaling anthrax spores from contaminated animal products. Anthrax can also be spread by eating undercooked meat from infected animals. It is rare to find infected animals in the United States.

What are the symptoms for anthrax?

CDC Anthrax Q & A
Fever (temperature greater than 100 degrees F). The fever may be accompanied by chills or night sweats. Sore throat, followed by difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea A sore, especially on your face, arms or hands, that starts as a raised bump and develops into a painless ulcer with a black area in the center.

Is there a vaccination for anthrax?

CDC Anthrax Q & A
A protective vaccine has been developed for anthrax; however, it is primarily given to military personnel. Vaccination is recommended only for those at high risk, such as workers in research laboratories that handle anthrax bacteria routinely. The antibiotics used in post exposure prophylaxis are very effective in preventing anthrax disease from occurring after an exposure.

Who should be vaccinated against anthrax?

CDC Anthrax Q & A
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended anthrax vaccination for the following groups: Persons who work with imported animal hides or furs in areas where standards are insufficient to prevent exposure to anthrax spores. Persons who handle potentially infected animal products in high-incidence areas; while incidence is low in the United States, veterinarians who travel to work in other countries where incidence is higher should consider being vaccinated.

How can one kill a vampyre?

alt.vampyres FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Condensed Vers...
Although it never a good practice to harm vampires (being a hunter won't get you any points on this newsgroup), let alone kill them, some of the more favored methods of destroying a vampire are included in section [2.04] in the Traditional FAQ located at http://www.altvampyres.net/newsgroup/faq.

Will Endometriosis kill me?

EndoFAQ
Not likely. There have been documented cases of malignant chances associated with Endometriosis and higher risks of certain cancers in women with the disease, but Endometriosis itself is classified as a benign illness.
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