Metformin/Glucophage works primarily by suppressing hepatic glucose production, increasing glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. It may also reduce intestinal glucose absorption. Since it does not stimulate production of insulin, it does not cause hypoglycemia if used alone (though hypoglycemia may result if used with insulin, a sulfonylurea, or with consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol). Metformin is metabolized by the kidneys.

Metformin hydrochloride (Glucophage) - Gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, flatulence, and anorexia are the most common reactions. Usually the side effects are dose dependant and diminish over time. Starting with a low dose and building up to the desired maintenance level may help. The biggest risk, though very rare (1 in 33,000), of metformin is the possibility of lactic acidosis (a buildup of lactic acid in the blood). See similar questions...

Fasting blood sugar, insulin and HbA1c measurements should be performed periodically to monitor glycemic control and the therapeutic response to medication. For those using Avandia or Actos, ALT levels should be checked every two months for the first year of therapy, and quarterly thereafter. See similar questions...

Which medications used to reduce PCOS symptoms, such as those for acne and hirsutism, can be continued while trying to conceive or when pregnant? TOP See similar questions...

A comprehensive biochemical panel that includes liver enzymes and alanine transaminase (ALT) should be performed before metformin or one of the thiazolidinediones (Avandia, Actos) are taken. If there are liver or kidney abnormalities, caution should be used and the benefits weighed before choosing to use these medications. See similar questions...

It has been recognized for years that high glucose levels can have a detrimental effect on the growing fetus and most doctors would suggest diet and/or insulin injections to control this, but recently there has been discussion that high insulin levels may be just as damaging. See similar questions...

Since many medications are excreted in breastmilk, it is usually recommend that insulin-sensitizing medication not be used while breastfeeding. The effect such medications may have on the nursing baby or toddler is not known. See similar questions...

The medications themselves may help, but lifestyle changes are beneficial. It is generally recommended that patients taking metformin or one of the glitazones reduce carbohydrate intake and increase exercise to aid in glucose metabolism and possible weight loss in those who are overweight. Seeking a consult with a registered dietician and beginning a structured exercise program are central to an effective therapeutic plan. See similar questions...

Sperm quality on the day of egg retrieval is often related to what happened in the male's body 3 months ago. This is because sperm development takes almost 3 months. A fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit or higher within 3 months prior to ART treatment may adversely affect sperm quality. Sperm count and motility may appear normal, but fertilization may not occur. See similar questions...

IVF is the common acronym for In-Vitro Fertilization, a frequently used conception practice when there are certain issues with the reproductive health of the mother, father, or both. IVF is simply the uniting of egg and sperm in vitro (in the lab). Subsequently the embryos are transferred into the uterus through the cervix and pregnancy is allowed to begin. The process is done in conjunction with ovulation induction through drugs, monitoring of hormone levels and follicle scans with ultrasound. See similar questions...

In general, the IVF medications used to prepare the uterus and to stimulate the ovaries only have temporary symptoms such as abdominal bloating, low-grade headaches, hot flushes, mood swings but are not known to carry any long-term risks of cancer of the ovary, unless there is a family history of ovarian cancer. The most serious side effect would be ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) – see more detail under risks. See similar questions...

One would say that the more we know, the better equipped we are to create marine reserves that work or to do what is necessary to save the sea. However, in 25 years, no real progress has been made in this respect. To the contrary, our 'knowledge' has been dominated by myths and fallacies created by marine scientists who do not actively dive, but who believe strongly in their cause. It has confused our knowledge, and misdirected research efforts. See similar questions...

We at Family Source are not medical professionals; however, we are familiar with most of the typically used medications for IVF protocols. In addition to reading through the general protocol in our sections on this website addressing the Surrogate process and the Egg Donor process please review this list of the most commonly used medications for IVF protocols. See similar questions...

Sperm is classified in terms of count, (how many millions of sperm there are per sample), and quality, including mobility. To promote better sperm production, encourage your partner to wear loose boxer shorts and trousers and take cool showers rather than hot baths. Excessive alcohol intake and smoking are also bad news for healthy sperm production so encourage your partner to cut down or quit altogether if possible. See similar questions...

If you are under 35 and have been trying to conceive for a year, or if you are over 35 and have been trying for 6 months, you may want to explore the possibility of IVF. IVF is taxing and expensive, so you will want to do tests with your doctor to determine that this is the best route for you. See similar questions...

The average cost of a single IVF procedure in the U.S. is $12,500 on average (it can vary significantly, depending on where and what doctor) and many insurers provide zero or minimal coverage. If you are using an egg donor, compensation for the donor and the egg-donation agency can double the costs. Because success is not assured, remember that you may need to pay for multiple attempts. See similar questions...

Consuming monounsaturated fats can improve your HDL as well as reduce triglycerides and bad cholesterol (LDL). These include olive oils and other vegetable oils, nuts and avocados. Some foods such as peanuts, green peas, sunflower seeds and corn can also raise HDL. Other important strategies to raise HDL include a regular exercise program, alcohol in moderation and the cessation of smoking. Calcium supplements have also been shown to increase HDL levels. See similar questions...

You can get somewhat of an idea from the size of the egg and the estradiol level at midcycle. But other factors arise as you get further into your 30s. you really can't diagnose egg quality until you get the eggs out of the follicles, put them under the microscope, and see how they behave. There are some less invasive screenings for ovarian reserve/egg quality such as the Clomiphene challenge test, FSH, and Inhibin B, but they are also not as accurate as looking at the egg directly. See similar questions...

The most important determining factor of egg quality is AGE. As women age, so do their eggs. The consequences of this aging process are lower pregnancy rates and higher miscarriage rates. Poor response to injectable fertility medications, failure of prior fertility treatment, prior surgery to the ovaries and shortening menstrual cycles can be other signs of egg quality issues. See similar questions...