Uusually back sooty deposits on leaves and branches are a fungus growing on sap produced by insects. It is not unhealthy for the shrub, but is unsightly. These can be aphids, but on shrubs the cause is often scale, small bumps on stems and underneath leaves. Again, this is rarely damaging to established shrubs. Treatment is to physically remove with your thumbnail or a small stick.

Sooty Mold - Appears as a black, sooty growth on the upper side of leaves. Is harmless, but indicates that an insect was or is present (usually aphids, whiteflies or scales). Whiteflies. As these piercing-sucking insects feed on the undersides of the leaves, they secrete a sticky, clear fluid that drops onto the leaves below. Sooty mold grows upon this secretion. Sooty Mold Water or Varietal Problem. The problem of splitting fruits usually occurs in the early fall.

This is an indication of a fungal infection. Fungal infections are usually the result of warm temperatures, high humidity and low light levels. Treat the plants with a systemic fungicide such as Phyton 27.

Blackspot is a fungus that causes black spots about 1/16 to 1/2 inches in diameter to form on the leaves and sometimes stems. The infected leaves later turn yellow around the spots and eventually fall from the plant. In bad cases, blackspot can severely defoliate a rose bush. The conditions that promote blackspot are wet leaves, splashing water and warm temperatures. Here are some ways to combat blackspot. Most of these methods also apply to preventing and treating powdery mildew.

Black marks on leaves can be many things. The marks themselves are caused by a bacterial infection which sets in when the cells die. The breakdown of the cells is usually connected with a cultural problem, most often over-watering or overfeeding. Too much direct sun in summer can scorch the leaves causing a brown and black burn mark.

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New leaves on R. yakushimanum and some other species have indumentum on both the top and bottom of the leaf. That on the top usually wears off as the leaf hardens.

A fungus called Blackspot. It is a common disease in our humid summers. Spraying a fungicide and increasing sun and circulation helps reduce this disease.

Black spots are endemic in a number of varieties of orchids, most notably those in the Oncidium or Oncidium family intergenerics. These spots are not a sign of disease. They cannot be removed, and will not spread from plant to plant. You can think of them as freckles. These spots are generally small and dry. If, however, your plant suddenly develops large black spots, particularly if they are moist, this could be a sign of disease.

Sooty Mold. This superficial fungal disease is more of a nuisance than a life death problem. When present, this is a symptom of a more serious problem, scales, aphids, etc.

This is sooty mold, which is a fungus that is caused by the excretions of honeydew from insects like aphids, scale, greenbugs, and mealybugs that in turn attracts ants which encourages growth of the fungus. The cure for this is to treat for the honeydew producing insects that are ultimately the cause of the problem. Once treated, this will stop the problem from spreading and new growth that emerges from the plant will not be infected by the black fungus.

This is generally a leaf rot caused by types of fungi that are commonly classified as Cercospora or Colletotrichum. Many times this rot will start out as yellow spots, gradually turning to a brown or black color. Note that certain plants such as most Oncidium hybrids often get several small black spots on the leaves due to the sun. In this case it is natural spotting and will not harm the plant.

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A: Powdery Mildew is a common fungus spread by wind or rain and is most prevalent with warm days and cool nights, although can happen almost any time of year. Although unsightly, it won’t kill the host. Improving sun and air exposure as well as removing infected leaves help to prevent further infestation. Also, different varieties can vary greatly in their disease resistance. There are many effective organic and non-organic fungicides to control this disease

Look beyond the discoloration for piercing, sucking insects that are causing the discoloration. Often aphids, whiteflies and scale insects are feeding on the undersides of leaves and along stems and producing excreta that falls on the leaves. A sooty mold fungus then lives on the nutrient-rich excreta to produce the unsightly leaves. Some insect activity and sooty mold growth can usually be ignored, usually on older trees.

The black spots are a fungus disease called Tar Spot. It infects Norway maple (including all of the horticultural forms such as "Crimson King"), Silver maple and Freeman's maple. The disease infects leaves late in the season and has little impact on the overall health of the tree. The disease is already widespread and sanitation (leaf removal) is not effective in reducing the infestation level for the following year, so let the leaves decay under the trees to at least improve the soil health.

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