The current orientation is nothing more than a historical accident. The first map with chromosome numbers was published by Hawthorne and Mortimer (Genetics (1960) 45: 1085-1110). There were earlier maps by Lindgren and others but they did not name the chromosomes. It is clear from the first map the chromosomes were oriented with the long arm to the right of the centromere and this orientation has not changed. Since that 1960 paper, chromosomes I through X have been in the same orientation.

The ANSMET meteorite labelling system is distinct from that used for Apollo moon rocks in several ways. When a meteorite is found it is given a field number that we use purely for bookkeeping purposes- this number has no information concerning year, type, size, etc, and is used to correlate the specimen with our field notes. The specimen retains this number until all the meteorites arrive at the lab at Johnson Space Center.

Separation of concerns and tasks. By separating concerns and tasks in various classes, you are able to concentrate on the problem at hand, and not at the whole system (task which is done before starting to work at the project). Encapsulation. Using encapsulation saves you from making a lot of mistakes, if used properly. It is an invaluable asset in libraries too, when a user can understand what he can do and can't do simply by seeing the class interface. Generic code.

Throughout European history bread was made with pure ingredients...flour, water and salt... using the exact method we do. A baker would come to a village and bake enough bread for each family to last them through the winter. Can you imagine how the bread was stored before refrigeration was available? The baker would make 25-pound loaves and the family would store it in the rafters of their barn or outbuilding where it would freeze during the cold winter.

NB: Once the packet of yeast has been opened the use by date on the packaging is void. The yeast will remain active for approx. 3 weeks once it has been opened. After this time the yeast should be tested to see if it still active.

Historically, it has been estimated that there are roughly 6000 total genes in the yeast genome, of which 5885 were estimated to encode proteins. These estimates were based on the sequencing of the yeast genome (see Mewes et al. and Goffeau et al.). The addition of 354 previously unannotated ORFs, based on published information from various sources including: Brachat et al., Kessler et al., Kumar et al., and Oshiro et al.. To see the complete list of the new ORFs, click here.

The way computers create "random" deals is by using a number as a seed for a random number generator. The Microsoft version of FreeCell uses a number with a range of 1-32000 as its seed; the New Game (F2) function selects one of these using, I believe, the "seconds of day" system function. You can also type in any number you choose yourself.

KY-2920 near Lawrenceburg in Anderson County is recorded as 0.007 mile (equal to 36.96 feet - see http://www.kytc.state.ky.us/planning/sprslistings/sprs.htm ). VT-26 in Lemington, formerly touted as the shortest, is officially recorded as a rounded 0.01 mile, equal to 52.8 feet (photos at http://www.roadgeek.org/waste_of_film/page5.html ), but is actually 69 feet long, making it longer than both KY-2920 and KY-2250 in Louisville (0.009 mile, equivalent to 47.52 feet). Oct 19, 2006

VA's George Washington Memorial Parkway has the "secret" inventory number of 90005, with the Dulles Access Road and the Colonial Parkway elsewhere in the state being numbered 90004 and 90003 respectively. http://www.vahighways.com/route-log/va800-999.

It was part of a longer multi-state SR 789. In the 1950s and 1960s it went from the Mexican border in Arizona to the Canadian border in Montana. The only state that didn't just multiplex 789 with other state/U.S. routes was Wyoming,and when Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Montana got rid of their 789s in the late 1970s, Wyoming was left with a weirdly numbered route, which remains to this day. More information:

Florida uses the grid system for its state highways, which puts 1 on the Atlantic coast. However, when U.S. Highways were created, US 1 was run into Florida parallel to and very close to FL 1. To avoid confusion, FL 1 was renumbered FL A1A (1A was already in use). (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_Road_A1A ) And yes, Alternate A1As have existed. There have also been a FL A19A and a FL G1A. Feb 1, 2005

Yeasts are single-celled fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread, ferment alcoholic beverages. A few yeasts, such as Candida albicans, can cause infection in humans.

This question might mean one of several other more precise questions. These questions are discussed below. One question is: is there a Larch-style BISL for some particular object-oriented (OO) programming language? Yes, there are Larch-style BISLs for Modula-3 (see [Guttag-Horning93], chapter 6, and [Jones91]), Smalltalk-80 (see [Cheon-Leavens94]), and C++ (see [Leavens97] [Leavens96b]).

In a refrigerator as cold as possible without freezing. 34?F is ideal. Most refrigerators run around 40?F.

Yeast infections are harder to treat during pregnancy and often require more frequent and longer retreatment. Any creams or suppositories you used before will be safe during your pregnancy, although your doctor may advise you to avoid treatment during the first trimester. Your partner will not require treatment unless he also has symptoms.

Treatment of a yeast infection remains the same as when you were not pregnant, although it may take longer if you are pregnant. Your doctor will recommend a preparation such as Femstat, Gyne-Lotrimin, Monistat or Mycelex-G.

If your child has had a yeast infection washing your diapers in hot water and using a few drops of tea tree oil should treat the diapers.

See the online poster, Human Genome Landmarks: Selected Traits and Disorders Mapped to Chromosomes. This poster provides chromosome-by-chromosome maps of some of the genes, traits, and disorders that have been linked to each chromosome. These maps were generated using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. The Genome Database (GDB) and the Human Genome Map Viewer available through the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) are other resources that you can use to browse the genome.

The discovery of the chromosome was descriptive from the beginning and inseparably interwoven with the discoveries of the cell and the nucleus. All findings became possible only after Leeuwenhoek?s invention of the microscope in 1674. In 1831 Robert Brown described the 'areola' in orchids being constantly detectable in all cells. He called this areola'the nucleus of the cel'.1838 M. J.