Source: MSU Extension Montguide #8382 Salinity Control Under Irrigation and MontGuide MT8321 "Salt Tolerant Forages for Saline Seep Areas"

Saline water reduces plant growth, making irrigation with it risky if not managed properly. With time, salts carried in saline water may accumulate in the root zone to concentrations high enough to affect crop growth by reducing availability of water. Just 1 acre-foot of irrigation water of moderately saline quality (EC = 2 dS/m - the upper end of suitability for irrigation water) will introduce 1.8 tons of salt per acre of land.

Saline water has a relatively high concentration of dissolved salts. Salt is not just "salt" as we know it - sodium chloride (NaCl) - but can be dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) sulfate (S042-), bicarbonate (HC03-) and Boron (B).

No. You cannot insure acreage with annual plantings. However, there are provisions that allow overseeding into an established perennial pasture. The policy states that land is insurable as long as it is not initially planted to a forage crop after July 1 of the previous crop year, unless allowed by the special provisions. For example, the land could be insured in 2007 if planted before July 1, 2006. Yes.

Modestly saline water can often be used successfully in the right soil x crop combination without hazardous long-term effects on the crops or soils. However, certain conditions need to be met: salinity of either the irrigation water or soil solution increases (with prolonged crop water use and through the irrigation season), the volume of irrigation water applied should be progressively increased.

Soils do not usually become excessively saline from use of saline water in a single irrigation season. It may even take several irrigation seasons to affect the level of salt in the soil solution. The maximum soil salinity in the root zone that results from continuous irrigation with saline water does not occur when salty water is used only a fraction of the time.

Yes. Irrigation water that is suitable for one soil may not be for another. Use of saline and/or sodic water for irrigation can be risky business on soils predominated by silt or clay. Just 1 acre-foot of moderately saline irrigation water (EC = 3 dS/m - the upper end of suitability for irrigation water) will introduce 1.8 tons of salt to an acre of land. Soluble salts do not leach as readily through fine textured soils as through sandy soils.

Yes. You can install a traditional active irrigation system or a solar powered system. Pair this with a recycled rainwater collection system, harvested in cisterns at roof deck or at ground level, and you’ve got the ideal self-sustainable answer to supplemental water and how to power it.

Both ground water and surface water are used for irrigation. In 1990, about 51,000 million gallons per day were withdrawn from the ground for irrigation, whereas about 85,500 million gallons per day was taken from surface-water sources. A small amount of reclaimed wastewater coming from sewage-treatment plants, about 660 million gallons per day was used for irrigation. The USGS keeps records on the types of irrigation systems used in the United States.

Unlike some nasal irrigation products, ALKALOL contains no antihistamine, preservatives, or other chemicals that can irritate and damage tender mucous membranes in the nasal passages. Instead, since it was originally formulated in 1896, ALKALOL has been made with soothing natural ingredients, including eucalyptol, thymol, menthol, camphor, and oils of wintergreen, spearmint, pine and cinnamon.

Water is classified as "saline" when it becomes a risk for growth and yield of crops. Saline water has a relatively high concentration of dissolved salts (cations and anions). Salt is not just "salt" as we know it - sodium chloride (NaCl) - but can be dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), Boron (B), and other compounds.

Elevated sodium and chloride concentrations in water can harm some woody plants due to direct toxicity as ions are taken up by the root cells or applied directly to the leaves. Either way, ions can accumulate in the leaves, causing burn along the outer leaf edges. In addition, sodium can indirectly affect crop growth by causing calcium, potassium, and magnesium deficiencies or by adversely affecting soil physical properties.

Be prepared to stay at our facility for four hours to allow time for registration, preparation for test and to ensure that blood is drawn at exact intervals. You will be given a glucose drink and have your blood drawn five times: first at 30 minute intervals and then 1 hour intervals. Be prepared to stay at our facility for about an hour and a half to allow time for registration, preparation for test and to ensure blood is drawn at exact time.

a. The savings are in bought in fertilizers and sprays and depending on the crops inclusion level per animal/day, concentrates costs also the crop also has environmental advantages by not being reliant on nitrogen.

The most common locations to find saline soils are in the eastern and central part of Montana and in poorly drained areas north of the Missouri River. Naturally saline soils are found along many stream terraces and bottoms, while saline seeps can be found throughout most of the glaciated plains region. Sodic soils occur in many of the same locations as saline soils, found most commonly in eastern and north central Montana and along irrigated flood plains of many rivers.

FORAGE FIRST is a horse feeding program in which good-quality forage, GROSTRONG vitamin-mineral products, NATURAL GLO stabilized rice bran products and Fortified Feeds are combined to produce balanced total rations. With this combination of feeds, horses can perform at their best when fed less grain than they would receive from typical horse rations.

No. You cannot insure acreage with annual plantings. However, there are provisions that allow overseeding into an established perennial pasture. The policy states that land is insurable as long as it is not initially planted to a forage crop after July 1 of the previous crop year, unless allowed by the special provisions. For example, the land could be insured in 2007 if planted before July 1, 2006. Yes.

Yes. Leafy spurge and spotted knapweed can render many range sites useless for cattle production by displacing valuable forage. Grazing capacities for livestock can be reduced 65% to 90% from the original productivity. Currently, weeds cost farmers over $100 million each year in expenses and crop production losses in Montana.

There are various irrigation methods that can help in water conserving techniques. We can assess the need of irrigation by testing the soil-moisture of the soil. Add organic matter to the soil to improve structure, which also improves the water holding capacity of the soil. Preparation of soil at deep depths, which helps plants to get established in the soil sooner and increases the interval of irrigation time. Mulching deters the growth of weeds, which can use a lot of water.