The Bureau of Meteorology uses a 10 minute averaging time for reporting the sustained (i.e. relatively long-lasting) winds. The maximum sustained wind are the highest 10 minute surface winds occurring within the circulation of the cyclone. These surface winds are those observed (or, more often, estimated) to occur at the standard meteorological height of 10 m having an unobstructed exposure. Gusts are a wind peak lasting for just a few seconds.

CDO" is an acronym that stands for "central dense overcast". This is the cirrus cloud shield that results from the thunderstorms in the eyewall of a tropical cyclone and its rainbands. Before the tropical cyclone reaches hurricane strength (64 kt or 33 m/s), typically the CDO is uniformly showing the cold cloud tops of the cirrus with no eye apparent. Once the storm reaches the hurricane strength threshold, usually an eye can be seen in either the infrared or visible channels of the satellites.

What are the frequently questions on where to locate weather data? [  current weather, research data, CD-ROM discs and web sources].

Sustained winds are winds that last for periods of about one hour or longer. Our wind strength probabilities are given for sustained winds only. Sustained winds are to be distinguished from local wind gusts resulting from squall lines, tornadoes and thunderstorms that can be much stronger (50 to 150 percent higher) and very short lived - lasting for a few seconds up to 20-30 minutes.

For hurricane and tropical cyclone meteorology, check NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division FAQ (or use anonymous ftp to: hrd-type42.nhc.noaa.gov). Jan99) Where is the JTWC located? The Joint Typhoon Warning Center which forecasts tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific and Indian oceans was moved in January 1999 from their long-time home at Nimitz Hill, Guam to the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Warm ocean waters (of at least 26.5°C) throughout a sufficient depth (unknown how deep, but at least on the order of 50 m). Warm waters are necessary to fuel the heat engine of the tropical cyclone. An atmosphere which cools fast enough with height (is "unstable" enough) such that it encourages thunderstorm activity. It is the thunderstorm activity which allows the heat stored in the ocean waters to be liberated for the tropical cyclone development.

While both tropical cyclones and tornadoes are atmospheric vortices, they have little in common. Tornadoes have diameters on the scale of 100s of meters and are produced from a single convective storm (i.e. a thunderstorm or cumulonimbus). A tropical cyclone, however, has a diameter on the scale of 100s of *kilometers* and is comprised of several to dozens of convective storms. Additionally, while tornadoes require substantial vertical shear of the horizontal winds (i.e.

To undergo tropical cyclogenesis, there are several favorable precursor environmental conditions that must be in place (Gray 1968, 1979): Warm ocean waters (of at least 26.5 C [80 F]) throughout a sufficient depth (unknown how deep, but at least on the order of 50 m [150 ft]). Warm waters are necessary to fuel the heat engine of the tropical cyclone. An atmosphere which cools fast enough with height such that it is potentially unstable to moist convection.

The lifetime of a cyclone is determined by how favourable the atmospheric environment is, movement, sea surface temperatures. While most cyclones undergo a life-cycle of 3-7 days some weak ones only briefly reach gale force while others can be sustained for weeks if they remain in a favourable environment. The longest being Hurricane Ginger (1971) that lasted for 30 days.

The tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system which derives its energy primarily from evaporation from the sea in the presence of high winds and lowered surface pressure and the associated condensation in convective clouds concentrated near its center (Holland 1993). Mid-latitude storms (low pressure systems with associated cold fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts) primarily get their energy from the horizontal temperature gradients that exist in the atmosphere.

The three most common origins of tropical storms and hurricanes are in the following regions: 1.) Gulf of Mexico, 2.) Western Caribbean, and 3.) Near the Cape Verde Islands off the coast of West Africa.

It means that one party has objected to the question. It also means that the judge has decided that the attorney asking the question CANNOT ask the question, and that the witness is NOT to answer the question. There are many legal reasons why a judge would decide that an attorney could not ask a particular question. It means that the attorney raising the objection believes that the witness is being asked a question that asks him or her to assume facts that have not been introduced into evidence.

Depression is one of the more common symptoms of PMDD. Women often feel sad, blue, unhappy, down in the dumps, and/or hopeless as part of the PMDD symptom complex. But remember, the depressive symptoms of PMDD are linked to the menstrual cycle and must be absent at least during the week following menses. Also, depression is not necessary for the diagnosis of PMDD.

Percolation is an arrangement of parts (usually visualised as a matrix) such that a property can arise that connects the opposite sides of the structure. This can be regarded as making a path in a disconnected matrix or making an obstruction in a fully connected one. The boundary at which the system goes from disconnected to connected is a sudden one, a step or phase change in the properties of the system.

In nonlinear studies we find much structure for very simple systems, as seen in the self-similar structure of fractals and the bifurcation structure seen in the logistic map. This form of system exhibits complex behaviour from simple rules. In contrast, for self-organizing systems we have complex assemblies generating simple emergent behaviour, so in essence the two concepts are complementary.

The most common mechanism for resolution on the Internet is the Domain Name System (DNS): http as used in URL is a use of DNS. URLs are grouped by domain name and then by some hierarchical structure, originally based on file trees, now possibly unconnected from that but still a hierarchy. DOI names offer a more finely grained approach to naming where each name stands on its own, unconnected to any DNS or other hierarchy.

Many of the cells and molecules that carry out inflammation belong to the immune system, which consists of a brigade of specialized cells, tissues, and natural chemical substances that continually protect the body from harm.

El Niño is an intermittent disruption of the climate system centered in the equatorial Pacific that has effects on short-term climate around the Pacific basin. To understand El Niño, it is necessary to understand the normal trade-wind system in the tropical Pacific. (Click the thumbnail for a schematic diagram of this system ).

This is the most you would pay during the course of a year before your plan paid 100% of reasonable and customary charges.