A cataract is clouding in the lens of the eye. The lens is mostly made of water and proteins. As we age, the protein molecules start to clump together, which interferes with the translucence of the lens. They block light entering the eye, and this dims the vision increasingly, as the clouding slowly expands.

Most people who develop cataracts are older than 50 years. Cataracts in older people are so common they can be regarded as a normal part of the aging process. Two conditions related to cataracts are diabetes or injury to the eye, and they are sometimes caused by medications such as steroids. Very rarely, a baby is born with congenital cataracts. It’s vital to diagnose them early so the baby’s eyes can learn to see during its infancy.

A small incision is made into the eye. The surgeon will either remove the lens as is, or use ultrasound, a laser or surgical solution to break it up, and then remove it. The back membrane of the lens (called the posterior capsule) is left in place. Usually, a replacement lens (called an intraocular lens, or IOL) is inserted.

There is no effective medical treatment for cataracts. However, when cataracts are caused by other diseases (e.g. diabetes, intraocular inflammations, etc.) the primary disease itself should be treated. As long as a cataract does not impair vision, no treatment is necessary; but when vision is poor, surgical removal may be considered. Cataract surgery is quite delicate and intensive postoperative care combined with the cooperation of the patient is essential for success.

The most effective way to restore vision is to remove the cloudy cataract and replace it with a plastic lens implant (Intraocular lens or IOL). With recent advances in cataract surgery equipment and techniques, vision can be restored more safely and faster, allowing patients to resume normal activities within hours after surgery (some activities may be limited during healing). Using these state of the art techniques, cataract surgery has a success rate greater than 98%.

Loss of sight from the cataracts is usually preventable. With modern technology, cataracts can be removed and good vision restored when a person feels the loss of vision is great enough to interfere with daily activities. If you are experiencing the symptoms of cataracts or other visual problems, please don't assume anything. Come in and let's find out for certain.

First and foremost you can wear sunglasses whenever you are outside (even on a cloudy day since UV light is still present). If you wear corrective glasses, you can ask to have them be coated with UV blockers. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol use are also protective factors. Of course slaying hydrated will help, it is recommended that you take half of your weight in pounds and drink that many ounces of water eacli day.

Sunglasses that markedly reduce the UV-exposure of the eyes will reduce UV damage, such as cataracts. The best protection is achieved by a combination of UV-absorbing glasses and a shielding against light coming into the eyes from the sides. However, some sunglasses may not effectively block UV radiation and eye damage may occur.