Apart from lexical scoping and its implications, R follows the S language definition in the Blue and White Books as much as possible, and hence really is an “implementation” of S. There are some intentional differences where the behavior of S is considered “not clean”. In general, the rationale is that R should help you detect programming errors, while at the same time being as compatible as possible with S.

Whereas in S, you would use lm(y ~ x^3) to regress y on x^3, in R, you have to insulate powers of numeric vectors (using I()), i.e., you have to use lm(y ~ I(x^3)). The glm family objects are implemented differently in R and S. The same functionality is available but the components have different names. Terms objects are stored differently. In S a terms object is an expression with attributes, in R it is a formula with attributes.

We can regard S as a language with three current implementations or “engines”, the “old S engine” (S version 3; S-Plus 3.x and 4.x), the “new S engine” (S version 4; S-Plus 5.x and above), and R. Given this understanding, asking for “the differences between R and S” really amounts to asking for the specifics of the R implementation of the S language, i.e., the difference between the R and S engines.

This is a list of the advancements and new stock parts. This the approximately equivalent to over $250 worth of upgrades in the previous Shocker models, not including the parts that are completely incompatible and thus don't really have a cash value. Milled to match the contours of the new body milling; expose no external parts (anodized to match); concealed screw for removal.

The bin/macosx directory of a CRAN site contains a standard Apple installer package inside a disk image named R.dmg. Once downloaded and executed, the installer will install the current non-developer release of R. RAqua is a native Mac OS X Darwin version of R with a R.app Mac OS X GUI. Inside bin/macosx/powerpc/contrib/x.y there are prebuilt binary packages (for powerpc version of Mac OS X) to be used with RAqua corresponding to the “x.y” release of R.

The biggest difference is that ViscoPed has a raised metatarsal pad to correctly align the metatarsal heads. Some people find this raised pad therapeutic; others find it irritating. Therefore, ViscoPed S uses different densities of silicone to align the metatarsal heads. A very soft dark blue silicone is surrounded by soft light blue silicone and the met heads naturally fall and align on the dark blue areas because they are the least dense.

Since almost anything you can do in R has source code that you could port to S-Plus with little effort there will never be much you can do in R that you couldn't do in S-Plus if you wanted to. (Note that using lexical scoping may simplify matters considerably, though.

No, you must file for the Homestead Preservation Credit during the current year and the credit will be applied to your real estate property tax bill the following year. For example, you will file the Homestead Preservation Credit application in 2007 and the credit will be applied to your 2008 real estate property tax bill.

The towline applies forces to the glider which are not present in free flight. As a result the control responses of the glider are somewhat different under tow than in free flight. It is also possible for the glider to enter an emergency situation known as a lock out.

I'm putting this together mostly from memory and from discussions with other people. Please feel free to make corrections.] Some corrections/additions provided by Andrew D. Hay >adh@petrel.att.com<:, Paul S. Sawyer >paul@unhtel.unh.edu<, Mike Crom >crom@vogon.att.com<, David Beneman >..!uunet!tacoma!dcb<, Paul Rak >pjr@emo.com<, Kevin Darcy >kevin@cfctech.cfc.

On the EWI4000s, everthying is self-contained. The older EWI models (EWI1000, EWI3000, EWI3020) required a companion sound modeul connected via a proprietary (and expensive) EWI connecting cable. The EWI4000s has a MIDI OUT jack right on the body of the instrument. Also the EWI4000s has a built in analog modeling sound module built into the body and it all runs off of 4 AA battteires. There are now two grounding plates on the EWI4000s model- one under each thumb.

The Two-Oven AGA Cooker has a large Roasting/Baking Oven capable of taking a 28-pound bird, plus an equally generous Simmering Oven that is ideal for slow cooking and keeping food hot. The larger Four-Oven AGA is ideal for bigger households and, particularly for those who love to entertain. It offers all that the Two-Oven model does, plus an additional Baking Oven and a Warming Oven. Like the Two-Oven model, it holds up to six large saucepans on the Boiling and Simmering Plates.

Other than the different overdrive ratios, and a small difference in price, these transmissions are identical. The “road race” TKO-600 (part # 4618) has a .82 fifth gear while the “street” TKO (part # 5009) has a .64 fifth gear for lower RPM cruising.

Currently, there are two (2) models of the Walkabout available for purchase. They are the "C" and "D" models. Both come equipped with no-back brakes and swivel locks, as well as adjustable length legs on the base. You WILL need to specify which version you desire when you order. The Walkabout "D" has a redesigned front assembly which includes a "2-track" column. The new column has greater flexability for the user in attaching client specific adaptive components.

In addition to the above modules, Corelatus also shipped an expansion module, the IEB 1.0, from 2003-2006. The IEB module provided 12 E1/T1 ports, but relied on an adjacent host GTH 1.1 module for processing power and ethernet.

Jim Lindsey has written a collection of R packages for nonlinear regression and repeated measurements, consisting of event (event history procedures and models), gnlm (generalized nonlinear regression models), growth (multivariate normal and elliptically-contoured repeated measurements models), repeated (non-normal repeated measurements models), rmutil (utilities for nonlinear regression and repeated measurements), and stable (probability functions and generalized regression models for stable di.

Yes, the same dynamic stabilization technology is utilized in the new models. Some parts of the balance sensor assembly (BSA) and other parts of the machine have changed to take advantage of new technology, but the fundamental principles used in creating the original Segway PT have remained consistent. New technology has been added where appropriate to support the new LeanSteer and wireless InfoKey controller functionality.

DVD-RAM uses Zone Constant Linear Velocity (also known as Z-CLV) for reading. It divides the disc into several districts and arranges in a spiral way. Each district contains several sectors. Each sector has its own physical address. Therefore, it uses the same "Data Random Storage" as HDD, which also provides burning repetition. Its burning principle is similar to CD-R / RW, which uses Constant Linear Velocity (also known as CLV). A DVD-R can only be burned once.

The Gray model has a 39 in. flexible temperature probe. The Blue model has a 15 in. flexible temperature probe.

Villa has the most powerful fan and therefore dries solid waste quickest. The Villa fan can also cope with longer venting pipes containing several bends. Three solid waste/compost containers are supplied as standard. Weekend has a slightly less powerful fan. Two solid waste/compost containers are supplied as standard. Chalet is a little special, as it has compact external dimensions and has no fan (unless you purchase the optional fan kit or add your own).