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Frequently Asked Questions

How can I read annotation files?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
If you would like to read annotation files within a C, C++, Fortran, Java, Perl, or Python program, see the WFDB Programmer's Guide. Other programming languages supported by SWIG may also be usable with the WFDB library, but have not been tested. Briefly, use annopen() to open the files, and getann() to read annotations from them.

What is the format of the annotation files?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
Most annotations occupy two bytes, of which 10 bits contain the interval (in sample intervals) from the previous annotation, and 6 contain an annotation type code. Special type codes allow for annotations at intervals that exceed 1023 sample intervals, and for other numeric and text fields to be associated with individual annotations. See annot(5) in the WFDB Applications Guide for details.

What is an annotation?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
Informally, an annotation is a note about some feature of a signal. On this web site, an annotation is a tag (label) that "points" to a specific sample of a digitized recording. Most PhysioBank databases include annotations for each record. In some cases, these may be reference annotations that have been independently reviewed by one or more (usually, two) human experts; in others, they may be machine annotations generated by automated signal-processing and analysis software.

How can I read signal files?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
If you would like to read signal files within a C, C++, Fortran, Java, Perl, or Python program, see the WFDB Programmer's Guide for information on doing this using the WFDB library. Other programming languages supported by SWIG may also be usable with the WFDB library, but have not been tested. Briefly, use isigopen() to open the files, and getvec() to read them.

How do I read the download files on this website?

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
pipe-delimited text (.txt) format files (OTCBB Symbol Directory, Daily List, Monthly Share Volume, etc.); self-extracting ZIP (.exe) files that expand into pipe-delimited text format files (Monthly Share Volume Report, Market Maker List, Other-OTC Symbol Directory, etc.). This information will need to be saved to your computer. Select File from the menu bar, then select the Save As... option You can now import the data into a spreadsheet or database.

Why are some files in PDF format, and how can I read them?

FRB: FAQs
Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF) reproduces the exact look of a printed page and is used for documents that could not be readily deployed in hypertext markup language (HTML)--the "typeset" format that is designed for web browsers--or in the plain "typewriter" text of ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). Also, the document may be offered in PDF along with one or both of the other two formats.

Where are my annotation files stored?

WebTrack Frequently Asked Questions
WebTrack annotations consist of two types of files: the list of links and the actual HTML, streaming audio, or streaming video files that are displayed when students click an annotation link. The list of links is stored on a secured server operated by MediaTechnics Corporation and downloaded to the student tracking disk each time a student uses WebTrack to send tracking data to an instructor.

Can PowerArchiver read AES encrypted ZIP files?

PowerArchiver 2007 - Frequently Asked Questions
From version 9.0, PowerArchiver supports the latest ZIP AES standards. More information can be found on the features page.

How can I read/write structs from/to data files?

Infrequently Asked Questions in comp.lang.c
Loop with putchar. Be careful; if your machine uses signed chars by default, all of the sign bits in your structure elements will be reversed. [a]

Can I use your annotation capabilities on my collection of JPEG files?

FAQ - Neuroinfo Virtual Slides
Yes. The viewer can load and pan around .jpg files by loading the entire image at once. The annotation and quantification tools are identical to those used for virtual slides. This enables researchers who already have large collections of photomicrographs to use the collaboration and quantification capabilities of Neuroinfo. Yes. We are completely compatible with Zoomify file formats, viewers and annotations systems.

Are elevation labels (annotation) that appear on DFWmaps.com included with the contour files?

Research & Information Services - NCTCOG.org
No. The DXF files have an annotation layer included. Shapefiles have an elevation field in the attribute tables which can be used to label the contours.

Where are the flat files for the gene annotation of each chromosome of C. elegans?

FAQs - WormBaseWiki
You should take a look at the Feature Tables (GFF), which you can pick up from the same 'WormBase Downloads' page where you found the "Summary Tables" (http://www.wormbase.org/downloads.html). You should also look at the 'Batch Downloads' page at WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org/db/searches/info_dump), where you can build your own tables of gene annotations. One other WormBase page you should look at is the "Genome Dumper" (http://www.wormbase.org/db/searches/advanced/dumper).

How can I use Matlab's import feature to read signal files?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
You can't in general, because Matlab doesn't know how to figure out which of the many supported formats is used in any given signal file, because it can't understand the most commonly used formats in any case, and because (in many cases) signal files are orders of magnitude larger than any matrix that Matlab can handle. See How can I read signal files? for a variety of ways to read signal files from Matlab without using its import feature.

How can I use Excel's import feature to read signal files?

Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet
You can't, because Excel doesn't know how to figure out which of the many supported formats is used in any given signal file, because it can't understand any of those formats in any case, and because signal files are almost always orders of magnitude larger than any spreadsheet that Excel can handle. Spreadsheets are not suitable for studying, visualizing, or analyzing digitized signals; many better tools are freely available in PhysioToolkit.

I can't read the various "PDF" formatted files found on the website. What is wrong?

SCTC Website Frequently Asked Questions
To read these files, Adobe Acrobat must be properly installed on your computer. It can be downloaded for free from the Adobe site . Even if you do not load PDF on your computer, many of the PDF files found on this site are stored in alternative formats, such as text or HTML.

Can you read .faqt files with any other software?

FAQTool: Create FAQ and knowledge bases with style
In addition to FAQTool, our AnswerTool software can read .faqt files directly. However since the .faqt files are standard XML files, you can easily convert them to other formats using XSLT or similar tools.

How do I read files directly from my old laptop hard drive?

Herb's Mac Stuff FAQ
These notes are particular to laptops; the issue of file recover or transfer is otherwise covered in a number of FAQ questions in section 2.0, so read the adjacent responses. First, determine whether your drive is SCSI, or ATA (or IDE, same thing). A SCSI laptop hard drive has 50 pins, or possibly 54 pins (four for power); an IDE laptop hard drive has 40 or more likely 44 pins. IF the drive is IDE, you can't connect it as a SCSI drive and vice versa. Apple does not support external IDE drives.

What are some common annotation errors to avoid?

It should be noted that annotations (apart from the biosource of the sequence (i.e., Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thalania)) are not mandatory in an HTG record, and submitters should not feel obligated to add them. Listings of computer-generated repeats add little to the record because it is fairly easy to find these repeats on a DNA sequence. However, if you want to add experimentally or computationally derived annotations to the sequence, we welcome them.

When I recover files I get "Can't read file to be recovered completely (801)". What does it mean?

R-TT - FAQ
It means that the file under consideration extends beyond the partition it resides on. That means either severe data lost or that you use wrong Recognized partition to recover the file. Please explore all such partitions. A Red cross on the icon means that file has been deleted and will have to be recovered to be accessed by the system. That is it. Files without the red cross are not marked as deleted.
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